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Decoding Polygon zkEVM: A Comprehensive Exploration
February 24, 2023
February 24, 2023
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Summary:

  • Polygon will be launching its zkEVM Mainnet Beta on March 27th, 2023.
  • A zk-Rollup is a layer 2 construction on top of Ethereum that solves its scalability problem through mass transfer processing rolled into a single transaction.
  • Developers can copy-pasta their code onto Polygon’s zkEVM.
  • Secure scalability, cheaper transaction costs, faster finality and capital efficiency.
  • zkEVM uses Proof-of-Efficiency, not Proof-of-Stake
  • The MATIC staking balance has grown 36.6% YoY, staking wallets are up ~ 420% YoY.
  • How to connect to the Polygon zkEVM

What is happening?

Polygon will be launching its zkEVM Mainnet Beta on March 27th, 2023. This is a significant milestone in the roadmap to scale Ethereum and unlock the full potential of Web3, paving the way for mass adoption.

Why is this significant?

If you’ve ever used Ethereum Mainnet during periods of heavy network activity, you’re probably familiar with the not-so-smooth (and sometimes costly) experience it can provide for everyday users. Fortunately, Layer 2 networks like Polygon have emerged with solutions to help mitigate some of these issues. Among the most promising scaling solutions are ‘Zero-Knowledge Rollups’ (zk-Rollups). These offer a viable path to scale Ethereum in a cost-effective and efficient manner. 

A zk-Rollup is a layer 2 construction on top of Ethereum that solves its scalability through mass transfer processing rolled into a single transaction. The technology is used to present and publicly record the validity and correctness of the rolled transfers processed on the Ethereum blockchain. Storing only the proof and compressed data of a batch of transfers results in a significant increase in the network’s efficiency and throughput.

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Now that may seem like a mouthful, but all you need to know is that ZK proofs reduce transaction costs and massively increase throughput, all while inheriting near proximal security to Ethereum’s L1. Sounds great doesn’t it, let’s dive into the details!

What are the main features of the Polygon zkEVM?

Polygon zkEVM is a Layer Two (L2) scaling solution for Ethereum that leverages the scaling power of zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs while maintaining Ethereum-compatibility. Developers and users can use the same code, tooling, apps, etc that they use on Ethereum, but with much higher throughput and lower fees. Enabling them to copy and post their code, and enjoy the benefits of ZK technology. We can describe the core features of the upgrade as follows:

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What are the benefits of Polygon zkEVM?

True EVM-equivalence allows scaling Ethereum without relying on half-measures. To scale Ethereum effectively, it is necessary to preserve the existing Ethereum ecosystem, including its code, tooling, and infrastructure. This approach ensures that everything functions properly, which is precisely what Polygon zkEVM aims to achieve. In addition, much-anticipated transaction cost reductions are included in the upgrade:

  • Cost for generating a proof for a large batch of transactions down to about $0.06
  • Less than $0.001 for a simple transfer

The Polygon foundation has highlighted  four key benefits of the upgrade for Ethereum ecosystem developers and users:

Secure scalability

zk-Rollups offer stronger security assurances when compared to alternative scaling solutions, as they employ validity proofs to verify the accuracy of off-chain computations. This approach enables smart contract transactions on Layer 2 to be verified on L1 (Ethereum) without the need for nodes to re-execute operations, resulting in significant time and resource savings. As a result, Ethereum’s processing speed can be significantly increased without compromising security.

Cheaper costs

zk-Rollups can afford to post minimal data to Ethereum because validity proofs already guarantee the trustworthiness of state transitions.

Faster finality and capital efficiency

The zkEVM typically confirms transactions immediately after they are posted to Ethereum. Since each transaction batch comes with a verifiable proof of validity, state updates can be rapidly applied to the main Ethereum chain.

Network effects

The primary rationale for developing EVM-compatible zkVMs is to capitalize on the network effects of Ethereum. As the largest smart contract platform in the world, Ethereum has a vast ecosystem that offers significant value to both developers and projects.

Polygon zkEVM uses Proof-of-Efficiency, not Proof-of-Stake

David Schwartz and Jordi Baylina from Polygon Hermez (Scaling Solution) outlined a new consensus model to overcome unique challenges that Layer 2 PoS protocols face. 

Maintaining network service levels requires the efficient production of zk validity proofs. However, proofs are highly computationally intensive for the prover, which means that not every validator can be tasked with the computation. Randomly assigning the responsibility of producing a batch (L2 block) to a validator does not ensure optimal performance, which creates decentralization issues, as only pre-determined validators can be chosen.

Proof of Efficiency (PoE) is a decentralised auction that is conducted automatically and the participants (coordinators) bid a number of tokens so that they have the chance to create the next batch. The strategic implementation of PoE promises to ensure that the network:

  • Maintains its “permissionless” feature to produce L2 batches
  • Is efficient, a criterion which is key for the overall network performance
  • Attains an acceptable degree (Not maximum) of decentralization 
  • Is protected from malicious attacks, especially by validators
  • Keeps a proportionate balance between the overall validation effort and the value in the network.

How does Polygon zkEVM reach consensus?

Consensus Contract (deployed on L1) utilizes a dedicated mechanism to verify that a set of predetermined rules have been followed for allowing state transitions. A smart contract verifies the validity proofs to ensure that each transition is completed correctly. For this to happen, there are two key participants in the network:

Sequencers

  • Roll-up the transaction requests in batches and add them to the PoE Smart Contract. 
  • A Sequencer that proposes valid batches (which consist of valid transactions), is incentivised with the fee paid by transaction-requesters or the users of the network.
  • Anyone with the software necessary for running a zkEVM node can be a Sequencer.

Aggregators

  • Check the validity of the transaction batches and provide validity proofs.
  • In addition to running zkEVM’s zkNode software, Aggregators need to have specialised hardware for creating the zero-knowledge validity proofs utilizing zkProver.
  • An Aggregator that submits a validity proof earns the MATIC fee (which is being paid by the Sequencer of the batch).

The Smart Contract, therefore, makes two calls:

  • One to receive batches from Sequencers
  • Another to aggregators, requesting that batches be validated.

This sounds great, but how can I connect to the Polygon zkEVM?

Mainnet Beta is only going live on the 27th of March, 2023. In the meantime you can become familiar with the Public Testnet and play around with other dApps that are also currently running on testnet. To connect to the network, follow the steps below:

  • Open up your Metamask wallet
  • Click the network name dropdown box at the top of your wallet
  • Click ‘Show/Hide’ test networks and enable it
  • Go back to the network selection dropdown and click ‘Add network’
  • Enter in the RPC details 

Public Testnet Details

Once you have connected to the network, you can deploy smart contracts to the testnet using your preferred scripting tool. Your basic RPC set-up will be the same. (Only cheaper and faster.)

Conclusion

Polygon zkEVM Mainnet is set to be the first fully EVM equivalent ZK rollup to reach mainnet. In the event of a successful launch, the network is poised to attract significant traction and acquire a first-mover advantage. Polygon has set the stage for other scaling solutions to rise to the occasion.

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Ross Coulthart: There Are No Go Zones Under the Sea

Ross just confirmed what many inside naval circles have talked about for years. There are restricted zones in the oceans where submarines are told not to go.

He’s spoken to naval contacts from the U.S., U.K., France, and Australia, who describe enormous underwater objects, sometimes moving faster than the speed of sound in water.

Some of these regions, like those off Australia and Cuba, have shown pyramidal and city-like sonar returns hundreds of meters below the surface.

Others have been quietly blurred on Google Maps after brief exposure.

If a non human intelligence wanted to watch us undetected, there’s no better hiding place than the deep.

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The Age Of Disclosure 💥

The truth is coming out November 21st. Everything is about to change.

Worldwide on @PrimeVideo & select theaters in NYC / LA / DC.

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👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading

Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

The future of Crypto x AI is about to go crazy.

👉 Here’s what you need to know:

💠 'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
💠 Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
💠 Equipped w/ crypto wallet and on-chain functions
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💠 Integrates with Coinbase’s SDK, OpenAI, & Replit

👉 What this means for the future of Crypto:

1. Open Access: Democratized access to advanced trading
2. Automated Txns: Complex trades + streamlined on-chain activity
3. AI Dominance: Est ~80% of crypto 👉txns done by AI agents by 2025

🚨 I personally wouldn't bet against Brian Armstrong and Jesse Pollak.

👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading

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BlackRock Is Manipulating The Price Of Bitcoin👀

Blackrock possess a strategic depth that goes far beyond initial appearances. When the general market perceives selling and traders respond with emotion, these major players are often operating on a much more profound level. They adeptly identify and leverage every available mechanism to influence market dynamics. Their power isn't in direct control of the asset, but in understanding how to move the market without ever taking direct ownership.

What entity has become the most prominent corporate champion of Bitcoin ($BTC)?

It's the one with the massive treasury holdings, known as Microstrategy.

 

However, the major strategic challenge lies here: the size of their Bitcoin position is fundamentally linked to their external financing, typically in the form of debt.

This reliance on significant debt creates an inherent vulnerability—a dependence on creditors and shareholders. When an entity's position is highly leveraged, that dependence makes them susceptible to market manipulation or strategic pressure from external financial forces.

When a highly leveraged corporate holder of a significant asset (like $BTC) faces external financial stress, that pressure inevitably transfers to the asset itself.

Blackrock's goal isn't to induce a market crash, but rather to establish a dominant position and control.

Any substantial sale of major cryptocurrencies like $BTC or $ETH initiated by Blackrock, can be interpreted not as routine trading, but as a deliberate effort to manipulate market sentiment and pricing.

Blackrock is deploying a sophisticated combination of tactics: they simultaneously generate market volatility through strategic sales of the asset ($BTC) while accumulating shares in key corporate holders (the stock symbolized by $MSTR).

The deeper intent is to leverage this equity stake to direct the corporate strategy of the highly leveraged Bitcoin champion.

With a sufficiently large ownership percentage, this influence becomes highly effective. The resulting market power is therefore a function of both manipulating price movement and controlling corporate policy.

Is Microstrategy (the company represented by the $MSTR stock) vulnerable to this kind of pressure? The evidence suggests yes.

A substantial stake held by Blackrock grants them effective leverage to influence and manipulate the company itself.

When the company's shares experience a significant decline, the leadership is often compelled to take action, potentially buying back their own stock. This action is driven by the fact that falling share prices directly intensify financial and market pressure on the entire organization.

If the stock of Microstrategy continues a sustained decline, lenders will inevitably begin to re-evaluate and revise the terms of existing loans. This is a critical point of failure for the entire strategy.

The fundamental operational model of this corporate champion works like a closed loop:

  • It secures debt financing (taking loans) to acquire $BTC.

  • Alternatively, it issues new equity (selling shares) to acquire $BTC.

Crucially, the ongoing interest payments on this substantial debt are often managed by the mechanism of issuing even more shares, creating a continuous cycle of dilution and reliance on a high stock price.

A major consequence of rising leverage is the escalating cost of borrowing, requiring Microstrategy to source even larger amounts of capital.

The most straightforward solution—to issue and sell more stock—proved to be insufficient.

In fact, the situation worsened: the company’s recent attempt to raise funds through a stock offering did not fully sell out. This failure directly resulted in a significant liquidity shortfall, hamstringing Microstrategy’s ability to meet its financial obligations and continue its asset acquisition strategy.

And the ultimate shock came when Microstrategy—the very entity that vowed it would never liquidate its holdings—began to sell.

These weren't insignificant trades; the sales were valued at billions of dollars.

The key question now becomes: Does this sudden, massive reversal signal the imminent collapse of Microstrategy, or is it simply a necessary, albeit drastic, maneuver of 'business as usual' under extreme duress?

There appear to be two primary strategic objectives behind Blackrock's calculated moves:

  • Scenario A (Direct Dominance): Blackrock aims to neutralize its most prominent competitor (the corporate Bitcoin accumulator) in order to seize the title as the largest holder of $BTC.

  • Scenario B (Indirect Control): The institution’s goal is to establish absolute market control and influence, preferring to leverage Microstrategy to execute the most aggressive or politically difficult actions.

The outright financial destruction of Microstrategy is highly improbable. Such an action would trigger a severe market crash that could take years to fully repair.

The far more intelligent strategy is integration and control.

Under this model, Microstrategy remains operational, while Blackrock secretly dictates strategy. This allows Microstrategy to absorb the market blame for any necessary but controversial manipulation, a classic and often dirty tactic used by high-powered financial entities.

In the immediate future, the market will continue to exhibit strong reactions to the strategic maneuvers of Blackrock.

When they execute sales, it instantly captures headlines, is aggressively amplified by the media, and causes fearful retail traders ('weak hands') to panic and exit their positions.

Every decrease in price that results from this panic directly translates into a superior entry point for Blackrock. This clearly illustrates that the current market environment is driven purely by emotion, making it a survival game reserved only for those with the strongest resolve.

In the long run, the nature of $BTC will likely shift, moving away from its original ideals of being completely free and decentralized.

The vast majority of the available supply is projected to become highly concentrated within a small number of major corporations and investment funds.

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Blackrock's goal is not to eliminate $BTC; instead, they are focused on constructing an elaborate system of control around the asset.

Microstrategy (the stock symbolized by $MSTR) remains a powerful tool, but it now operates under terms and directives that the company's leadership no longer fully dictates.

Since direct command over the decentralized asset is impossible, control is established through strategic influence over the largest corporate and fund custodians. Moving forward, Blackrock will be the primary entity determining the market's trajectory.

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A Request for NASA to Release Scientific Data on 3I/ATLAS

During my recent podcast interview with Joe Rogan (accessible here), I had mentioned the unfortunate circumstances, under which NASA had not released for four weeks the images collected by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These images were taken on October 2–3, 2025, when the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS passed within 30 million kilometers from Mars. The images are extremely valuable scientifically because they possess a spatial resolution of 30 kilometers per pixel, about 3 times better than the spatial resolution achieved in the best publicly available image from the Hubble Space Telescope, taken on July 21, 2025 (accessible here and analyzed here). Whereas the Hubble image was taken from an edge-on perspective since Earth and the Sun were separated by only ~10 degrees relative to distant 3I/ATLAS, the HiRISE image offers a sideways perspective, valuable in decoding the mass loss geometry and glow around as it approached the Sun.

The delay in the data release was argued to be the result of the government shutdown on October 1, 2025. Nevertheless, conspiracy theorists suggested that it may have to do with evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence in the HiRISE images. When asked about it, I suggested that the delay is probably not a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence but rather of terrestrial stupidity. We should not hold science hostage to the shutdown politics of the day. The scientific community would have greatly benefited from the dissemination of this time-sensitive data as astronomers plan follow-up observations in the coming months.

Joe Rogan suggested that I contact the interim NASA administrator, Sean Duffy. The following day, I corresponded with congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna regarding a related formal request from NASA. Following our exchange, Representative Luna wrote a brilliant letter to NASA’s acting administrator Duffy.

We all owe a debt of deep gratitude for the visionary support displayed by Representative Luna to frontier science through her letter, attached below.

Avi Loeb is the head of the Galileo Project, founding director of Harvard University’s — Black Hole Initiative, director of the Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the former chair of the astronomy department at Harvard University (2011–2020). He is a former member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and a former chair of the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Academies. He is the bestselling author of “Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth” and a co-author of the textbook “Life in the Cosmos”, both published in 2021. The paperback edition of his new book, titled “Interstellar”, was published in August 2024.

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New Human Force
Join this Now! YOU have what it takes!

They are in our solar system, and in our event-stream in this Eternal Now.

Officialdom is clueless.

They think we are going to be at WAR with the Aliens.

Officialdom is very stupid.

Aliens is here. It’s not WAR. It’s Contention.

There is a difference.

Officialdom is clueless, still living in the last Millennium.

Aliens is here.

The Field in which we contend is This Eternal Now.

ALL HUMANS LIVE HERE, and ONLY HERE, in this

ETERNAL NOW.

It’s a Field of potentials, of pending Manifestation, this continuous event-stream of karma in which we have always lived our body’s Life.

This Eternal Now has always been our body’s Field of Contention.

The Aliens is here, in our Eternal Now.

Our common, shared, reality that we all continuously co-create now has Aliens.

It’s getting very complex in here.

Officialdom is clueless. They see the Aliens. They are freaking out. They think you are children, when it is their small minds, trapped in a reality that is only grit, mud, and ‘random chance’ who are childish.

Officialdom is stupid. They will and are reacting badly. As is their way, they are trying to hide shit from you. Silly grit bound minds don’t realize you can see everything from within the Eternal Now. They have yet to grasp that what they perceive as this Matterium, filled with ‘matter’, is but a hardening of our previous (past) internal states of being.

WAR happens in the Matterium.

Contention occurs within this Eternal Now where Consciousness shapes the manifesting event-stream.

YOU know this to be fact. You are a co-creator.

Contention with Aliens is happening in this instant in this Eternal Now.

Officialdom ain’t doing shit. They are still stuck in trying to move matter around to affect unfolding circumstances. That’s redoing the mirror trying to affect the reflection. Dumb fucks….

It’s up to US. To the New Humans. Those of us who live in this Eternal Now. Those of us who see that our body’s Lives (the Chain that cannot be broken) are expressions of the Ontology revealing itself to itself. It’s up to us guys.

We are not an Army. That’s a concept from the past, from before the emergence of the New Humans. We are a Force. A self-organizing collective with leadership resident in each, and every participant.

We are the New Human Force. By the time officialdom starts to speak about the Aliens in near-factual terms, we will already be engaging them in this Eternal Now.

By the time officialdom begins to move matter around (space ships & such) thinking it’s War, we will already be suffering casualties in this Eternal Now. That part is inevitable. It’s how we learn.

By the time officialdom realizes that some shit is going on in places and ways beyond its conception, we will already be pushing our dominance onto our partners in this First Contention, the Aliens. Nage cannot train without Uke.

Just as officialdom is scrambling to research the Ontology, this Eternal Now, and the event-stream, we will be settling terms with our new partners, the Aliens.

Come, join with us. It’s going to be a hellacious Contention.

We ARE the NEW HUMANS!

Together we are the Force that cannot be defeated.

Start YOUR training in this instance of this Eternal NOW.

Consume Neville Goddard videos as though all of human existence depended on YOUR mind and YOUR active, effective, imaginings!

It’s not a question of Mind over Matter as there is only Mind and it cares not for Matter. That’s residue.

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