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Digital euro prototypes highlight offline challenges

Last week the European Central Bank (ECB) published the results of its first digital euro prototypes and a paper surveying suppliers of central bank digital currency (CBDC) technology. The first paper questioned whether technology would be available to support an offline digital euro within five to seven years at the levels it demands. It also shared details about the prototype N€XT backend system developed in-house by the ECB, which encountered some challenges.

In September last year, the central bank announced that it selected five organizations to carry out front end prototypes for different scenarios. For example, Amazon developed the user interface (UI) for e-commerce payments and Worldline for peer-to-peer offline payments. Subsequently, the ECB shared its high level design work for its prototype backend settlement engine. And it revealed more in the latest paper.

The prototypes are intended purely for learning rather than representing final choices. The paper mentions they will be discarded.

The N€XT digital euro ledger
The ECB’s N€XT settlement ledger that will process all digital euro transactions uses the UTXO unit (token) based model popularized by Bitcoin (see below account v token based). However, N€XT is not a distributed ledger. Notably, the survey of technology providers found that most offered token-based approaches. However, we wonder whether these responses might have been influenced by the knowledge that the ECB had adopted this approach in experiments.

One side effect of adopting a token-based approach is it will be more work and cost for most payment providers whose systems are set up for account-based systems.

Initially, N€XT was found to be linearly scalable as volumes increased. However, there were issues when there was a flood of transactions, which requires more time to explore.

Privacy benefits of tokens
A key advantage of the UTXO approach adopted by the ECB is privacy. With an account-based approach, each transaction an individual makes accumulates under that one identity. In contrast, the UTXO methodology means there are just tokens and transactions. The central bank does not need to be aware of which wallet holds the tokens and doesn’t even need the pseudonym of the token owner to process transactions.

This pushes work onto intermediaries who will have access to some of this private data and will have to monitor holding limits as the current thinking is a maximum of €3,000 per person. One issue not addressed is how this prevents users from having multiple accounts with different intermediaries. Theoretically, there would need to be a distributed ledger or centralized system to cross check identities and holdings.

Self custody and offline wallets
One of the experiments explored a custodied model and also one where keys that authorize transactions were stored in a self-custody wallet. The paper notes the benefit of “self- custody wallets, which could potentially allow for more privacy – pending legislative developments.”

Turning to the offline digital euro use case, the prototype used an account-based mechanism rather than token based and worked just fine. One challenge is Apple’s limitation of not allowing near field communications (NFC) for iPhone payments other than Apple Pay. While the report didn’t mention Apple, last year, the EU made a preliminary finding that this restriction puts Apple in breach of EU competition law.

A key challenge is developing a production grade offline solution within five to seven years. That’s partly because this is an emerging sector, so no mature software is available. There’s a lack of security standards that combines both hardware and software elements that offline CBDC requires. Perhaps the biggest is the rollout challenge, given an offline CBDC will need to be supported on all sorts of different devices and at points of sale.

Next steps for digital euro prototypes
Apart from the N€XT problems when flooded with transactions, the ECB is keen to investigate how the system will work in a geographically distributed manner. It also wants to explore other technology options for each element that was prototyped, which might result in a second round of prototypes. Cross currency support also needs exploring.

Footnote: Account v token based CBDC
When it comes to digital currency payment systems, one of the technical choices is to use token-based or accounts-based. Most bank accounts are account-based, and this is the more conventional path. However, physical cash is more similar to token-based, and Bitcoin popularized the UTXO model, which the ECB refers to as unit based. In other words, instead of having a running balance, like cash, you have coins and you exchange coins when you spend money and receive different coins in return. In theory, the coin you receive is not connected to the coin you gave (although it is with Bitcoin).

https://www.ledgerinsights.com/digital-euro-prototypes-offline-challenges/

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Trump just posted this about chemtrails 👀

“The enthusiasm for experiments that would pump pollutants into the high atmosphere has set off alarm bells here at the TRUMP EPA.”

00:02:52
The future of crypto = access, trust, transparency.

@evernorthxrp gives institutional + public investors simple, regulated, liquid exposure to XRP – and we’re compounding that value.

Watch below to learn how. 🎥👇

OP: @Ashgoblue

00:01:32
Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong on CNBC: Crypto Market Structure Bill is CLOSE to passing 👀
00:00:39
👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading

Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

The future of Crypto x AI is about to go crazy.

👉 Here’s what you need to know:

💠 'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
💠 Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
💠 Equipped w/ crypto wallet and on-chain functions
💠 Capable of completing trades, swaps, and staking
💠 Integrates with Coinbase’s SDK, OpenAI, & Replit

👉 What this means for the future of Crypto:

1. Open Access: Democratized access to advanced trading
2. Automated Txns: Complex trades + streamlined on-chain activity
3. AI Dominance: Est ~80% of crypto 👉txns done by AI agents by 2025

🚨 I personally wouldn't bet against Brian Armstrong and Jesse Pollak.

👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading
Pyth 🤝 Hyperliquid

The HIP-3 Ecosystem Map:

Full report and projection of year one HIP-3 volumes dropping tomorrow on @MessariCrypto

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🚨JUST IN: POLYMARKET TO LAUNCH A TOKEN!

CMO Matthew Modabber confirms a native $POLY token and airdrop. Polymarket is eyeing a new funding round valuing it up to $15B.

⚡ BREAKING: GOOGLE’S WILLOW QUANTUM PROCESSOR COMPLETES 3.2 YEARS OF COMPUTATION IN JUST 2 HOURS, 13,000× FASTER THAN THE WORLD’S MOST POWERFUL SUPERCOMPUTER, SPARKING FRESH CONCERNS OVER BITCOIN’S ENCRYPTION SECURITY.

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New Human Force
Join this Now! YOU have what it takes!

They are in our solar system, and in our event-stream in this Eternal Now.

Officialdom is clueless.

They think we are going to be at WAR with the Aliens.

Officialdom is very stupid.

Aliens is here. It’s not WAR. It’s Contention.

There is a difference.

Officialdom is clueless, still living in the last Millennium.

Aliens is here.

The Field in which we contend is This Eternal Now.

ALL HUMANS LIVE HERE, and ONLY HERE, in this

ETERNAL NOW.

It’s a Field of potentials, of pending Manifestation, this continuous event-stream of karma in which we have always lived our body’s Life.

This Eternal Now has always been our body’s Field of Contention.

The Aliens is here, in our Eternal Now.

Our common, shared, reality that we all continuously co-create now has Aliens.

It’s getting very complex in here.

Officialdom is clueless. They see the Aliens. They are freaking out. They think you are children, when it is their small minds, trapped in a reality that is only grit, mud, and ‘random chance’ who are childish.

Officialdom is stupid. They will and are reacting badly. As is their way, they are trying to hide shit from you. Silly grit bound minds don’t realize you can see everything from within the Eternal Now. They have yet to grasp that what they perceive as this Matterium, filled with ‘matter’, is but a hardening of our previous (past) internal states of being.

WAR happens in the Matterium.

Contention occurs within this Eternal Now where Consciousness shapes the manifesting event-stream.

YOU know this to be fact. You are a co-creator.

Contention with Aliens is happening in this instant in this Eternal Now.

Officialdom ain’t doing shit. They are still stuck in trying to move matter around to affect unfolding circumstances. That’s redoing the mirror trying to affect the reflection. Dumb fucks….

It’s up to US. To the New Humans. Those of us who live in this Eternal Now. Those of us who see that our body’s Lives (the Chain that cannot be broken) are expressions of the Ontology revealing itself to itself. It’s up to us guys.

We are not an Army. That’s a concept from the past, from before the emergence of the New Humans. We are a Force. A self-organizing collective with leadership resident in each, and every participant.

We are the New Human Force. By the time officialdom starts to speak about the Aliens in near-factual terms, we will already be engaging them in this Eternal Now.

By the time officialdom begins to move matter around (space ships & such) thinking it’s War, we will already be suffering casualties in this Eternal Now. That part is inevitable. It’s how we learn.

By the time officialdom realizes that some shit is going on in places and ways beyond its conception, we will already be pushing our dominance onto our partners in this First Contention, the Aliens. Nage cannot train without Uke.

Just as officialdom is scrambling to research the Ontology, this Eternal Now, and the event-stream, we will be settling terms with our new partners, the Aliens.

Come, join with us. It’s going to be a hellacious Contention.

We ARE the NEW HUMANS!

Together we are the Force that cannot be defeated.

Start YOUR training in this instance of this Eternal NOW.

Consume Neville Goddard videos as though all of human existence depended on YOUR mind and YOUR active, effective, imaginings!

It’s not a question of Mind over Matter as there is only Mind and it cares not for Matter. That’s residue.

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The Great Onboarding: US Government Anchors Global Economy into Web3 via Pyth Network

For years, the crypto world speculated that the next major cycle would be driven by institutional adoption, with Wall Street finally legitimizing Bitcoin through vehicles like ETFs. While that prediction has indeed materialized, a recent development signifies a far more profound integration of Web3 into the global economic fabric, moving beyond mere financial products to the very infrastructure of data itself. The U.S. government has taken a monumental step, cementing Web3's role as a foundational layer for modern data distribution. This door, once opened, is poised to remain so indefinitely.

The U.S. Department of Commerce has officially partnered with leading blockchain oracle providers, Pyth Network and Chainlink, to distribute critical official economic data directly on-chain. This initiative marks a historic shift, bringing immutable, transparent, and auditable data from the federal government itself onto decentralized networks. This is not just a technological upgrade; it's a strategic move to enhance data accuracy, transparency, and accessibility for a global audience.

Specifically, Pyth Network has been selected to publish Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, starting with quarterly releases going back five years, with plans to expand to a broader range of economic datasets. Chainlink, the other key partner, will provide data feeds from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), including Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index. This crucial economic information will be made available across a multitude of blockchain networks, including major ecosystems like Ethereum, Avalanche, Base, Bitcoin, Solana, Tron, Stellar, Arbitrum One, Polygon PoS, and Optimism.

This development is closer to science fiction than traditional finance. The same oracle network, Pyth, that secures data for over 350 decentralized applications (dApps) across more than 50 blockchains, processing over $2.5 trillion in total trading volume through its oracles, is now the system of record for the United States' core economic indicators. Pyth's extensive infrastructure, spanning over 107 blockchains and supporting more than 600 applications, positions it as a trusted source for on-chain data. This is not about speculative assets; it's about leveraging proven, robust technology for critical public services.

The significance of this collaboration cannot be overstated. By bringing official statistics on-chain, the U.S. government is embracing cryptographic verifiability and immutable publication, setting a new precedent for how governments interact with decentralized technology. This initiative aligns with broader transparency goals and is supported by Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, positioning the U.S. as a world leader in finance and blockchain innovation. The decision by a federal entity to trust decentralized oracles with sensitive economic data underscores the growing institutional confidence in these networks.

This is the cycle of the great onboarding. The distinction between "Web2" and "Web3" is rapidly becoming obsolete. When government data, institutional flows, and grassroots builders all operate on the same decentralized rails, we are simply talking about the internet—a new iteration, yes, but the internet nonetheless: an immutable internet where data is not only published but also verified and distributed in real-time.

Pyth Network stands as tangible proof that this technology serves a vital purpose. It demonstrates that the industry has moved beyond abstract "crypto tech" to offering solutions that address real-world needs and are now actively sought after and understood by traditional entities. Most importantly, it proves that Web3 is no longer seeking permission; it has received the highest validation a system can receive—the trust of governments and markets alike.

This is not merely a fleeting trend; it's a crowning moment in global adoption. The U.S. government has just validated what many in the Web3 space have been building towards for years: that Web3 is not a sideshow, but a foundational layer for the future. The current cycle will be remembered as the moment the world definitively crossed this threshold, marking the last great opportunity to truly say, "we were early."

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US Dept of Commerce to publish GDP data on blockchain

On Tuesday during a televised White House cabinet meeting, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick announced the intention to publish GDP statistics on blockchains. Today Chainlink and Pyth said they were selected as the decentralized oracles to distribute the data.

Lutnick said, “The Department of Commerce is going to start issuing its statistics on the blockchain because you are the crypto President. And we are going to put out GDP on the blockchain, so people can use the blockchain for data distribution. And then we’re going to make that available to the entire government. So, all of you can do it. We’re just ironing out all the details.”

The data includes Real GDP and the PCE Price Index, which reflects changes in the prices of domestic consumer goods and services. The statistics are released monthly and quarterly. The biggest initial use will likely be by on-chain prediction markets. But as more data comes online, such as broader inflation data or interest rates from the Federal Reserve, it could be used to automate various financial instruments. Apart from using the data in smart contracts, sources of tamperproof data 👉will become increasingly important for generative AI.

While it would be possible to procure the data from third parties, it is always ideal to get it from the source to ensure its accuracy. Getting data directly from government sources makes it tamperproof, provided the original data feed has not been manipulated before it reaches the oracle.

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