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Fed Governor Bowman sees risks in wholesale CBDC on Unified Ledger
October 18, 2023
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Yesterday Federal Reserve Governor Michelle Bowman expressed reservations  about the potential to issue a wholesale CBDC on a Unified Ledger, a BIS concept. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) proposal would see central bank digital currency (CBDC), tokenized deposits and regulated digital assets settle on the same network.

Governor Bowman’s reservations are not about wholesale CBDC per se, but the risk of allowing “central bank money to circulate on a platform that is not owned and operated by the central bank.” The Governor acknowledged another route involves central banks maintaining their own ledgers. However, she views the term ‘wholesale CBDC’ as a misnomer because central bank money is already used for wholesale transactions.

Meanwhile, the New York Fed’s innovation arm participated in a Regulated Liability Network (RLN) trial earlier this year. The RLN is a similar concept to the Unified Ledger and arguably inspired it. We’ve found that some commercial banks embrace the Unified Ledger concept. Others see it as a long term North Star to move banks towards interoperability, but is too hard to achieve.

Policy versus technology

Governor Bowman highlighted a key issue with payments innovation is identifying whether the technology delivers improvement. Or whether the benefits actually flow from the required supporting policy changes. Those policies often exist for a reason. The Governor asked, “Which specific payment frictions can benefit from technological innovation itself and which are questions of policy and exist for good reasons?” 

Compliance was one of the examples provided. More specifically, we’d observe that the G20 is keen to improve cross border payments, but anti money laundering (AML) and other compliance processes are major frictions. However, the G20 is pursuing many avenues, including ways to make compliance more efficient.

Another specific example we’d add that supports Governor Bowman’s point, is the reluctance of most central banks to allow foreign banks to access central bank money. This was a key hurdle in the cross border CBDC Project Dunbar.

Nonetheless, Governor Bowman emphasized the Fed is still open to various innovations and continues to participate in research. That includes for tokenization of traditional money and “new types of money” (regulated stablecoins).

She preceded her comments on wholesale CBDC with observations about general purpose (retail) CBDC. Governor Bowman is not supportive of a retail CBDC because she’s unconvinced it’s the best path to solve the problems it claims to target. And it has too many risk side effects, such as negative impacts on the banking system.

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Catherine Austin Fitts:

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----------------Partial transcription of clip---------------

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🚨David Grusch on The Megyn Kelly Show🚨

Earlier this week, UFO/UAP whistleblower David Grusch appeared on The Megyn Kelly Show for a brief but revealing interview. During the conversation, Grusch named individuals he claimed were involved in managing the alleged UFO/UAP Legacy crash retrieval program, statements that immediately drew attention across the disclosure community.

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Stellar CEO Reveals Where Real Opportunity Lies in Crypto Market: Details

In a recent tweet, Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) CEO and Executive Director Denelle Dixon defines what "real opportunity" is in blockchain as a new financial future beckons.

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Real opportunity defined

While Wall Street’s biggest names betting on blockchain might be one of the most significant adoption milestones in the digital asset market, Dixon defines what real opportunity is and what it is not.

According to the SDF executive director, real opportunity is not replicating old systems on new rails but rather building open networks that fundamentally expand global finance participation.

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XDC Network's acquisition of Contour Network

XDC Network's acquisition of Contour Network marks a silent shift to connect the digital trade infrastructure to real-time, tokenized settlement rails.

In a world where cross-border payments still take days and trap trillions in idle liquidity, integrating Contour’s trade workflows with XDC Network Blockchains' ISO 20022 financial messaging standard to bridge TradFi and Web3 in Trade Finance.

The Current State of Cross-Border Trade Settlements

Cross-border payments remain one of the most inefficient parts of global finance. For decades, companies have inter-dependency with banks and their correspondent banks across the world, forcing them to maintain trillions of dollars in pre-funded nostro and vostro balances — the capital that sits idle while transactions crawl across borders.

Traditional settlement is slow, often 1–5 days, and often with ~2-3% in FX and conversion fees. For every hour a corporation can’t access its own cash increases the cost of financing, tightens liquidity that could be used for other purposes, which in turn slows economic activity.

Before SWIFT, payments were fully manual. Intermediary banks maintained ledgers, and reconciliation across multiple institutions limited speed and volume.

SWIFT reshaped global payments by introducing a secure, standardized messaging infrastructure through ISO 20022 - which quickly became the language of money for 11,000+ institutions in 200 countries.

But SWIFT only fixed the messaging — not the movement. Actual value still moves through slow, capital-intensive correspondent chains.

Regulated and Compliant Stablecoin such as USDC (Circle) solves the part SWIFT never could: instant, on-chain settlement.

Stablecoin Settlement revamping Trade and Tokenization

Stablecoin such as USDC is a digital token pegged to the US Dollar, still the most widely used currency for trade, enabling the movement of funds instantly 24*7 globally - transparently, instantly, and without the need for any intermediaries and the need to lock in trillions of dollars of idle cash.

Tokenized settlement replaces multi-day reconciliation with on-chain finality, reducing:

  • Dependency on intermediaries
  • Operational friction
  • Trillions locked in idle liquidity

For corporates trapped in long working capital cycles, this is transformative.

Digital dollars like USDC make the process simple:

Fiat → Stablecoin → On-Chain Transfer → Fiat

This hybrid model is already widely used across remittances, payouts, and treasury flows.

But one critical piece of global commerce is still lagging:

👉 Trade finance.

The Missing link is still Trade Finance Infrastructure.

While payments innovation has raced ahead, trade finance infrastructure hasn’t kept up. Document flows, letters of credit, and supply-chain financing remain siloed, paper-heavy, and operationally outdated.

This is exactly where the next breakthrough will happen - and why the recent XDC Network acquisition of Contour is a silent revolution.

It transforms to a new era of trade-driven liquidity through an end-to-end digital trade from shipping docs to payment confirmation – one infrastructure that powers all.

The breakthrough won’t come from payments alone — it will come from connecting trade finance to real-time settlement rails.

The XDC + Contour Shift: A Silent Revolution

  • Contour already connects global banks and corporates through digital LCs and digitized trade workflows.
  • XDC Blockchain brings a settlement layer built for speed, tokenization, and institutional-grade interoperability and ISO 20022 messaging compatibility

Contour’s digital letter of credit workflows will be integrated with XDC’s blockchain network to streamline trade documentation and settlement.

Together, they form the first end-to-end digital trade finance network linking:

Documentation → Validation → Settlement all under a single infrastructure.

XDC Ventures (XVC.TECH) is launching a Stable-Coin Lab to work with financial institutions on regulated stablecoin pilots for trade to deepen institutional trade-finance integration through launch of pilots with banks and corporates for regulated stable-coin issuance and settlement.

The Bottom Line

Payments alone won’t transform Global Trade Finance — Trade finance + Tokenized Settlement will.

This is the shift happening underway XDC Network's acquisition of Contour is the quiet catalyst.

Learn how trade finance is being revolutionised:

https://www.reuters.com/press-releases/xdc-ventures-acquires-contour-network-launches-stablecoin-lab-trade-finance-2025-10-22/

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