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Motion to Vacate Alleging Fraud Upon the Court in SEC v Reggie Middleton et al
March 17, 2025
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Will the SEC Defend Its Alleged Fraud?

Motion to Vacate Puts Crypto Oversight on Trial

On March 13, 2025, Reginald Middleton, founder of Veritaseum, filed a Motion to Vacate the Consent Order and Judgment in SEC v. Reggie Middleton et al., alleging fraud upon the court by the SEC. A letter from his attorney, Franklin Jason Seibert, requested a delay in the SEC’s briefing schedule—originally set for opposition papers by March 14 and replies by March 21—until after the motion’s ruling, with new deadlines two weeks and one week post-disposition, respectively.
 
The modified schedule order (DOC-106) required filings as follows:
  • March 14, 2025: opposition papers, if any, are served on the SEC
  • March 21, 2025: reply papers, if any, must be served by the SEC
The revised scheduling order, as stipulated, would be as follows:
  • Two weeks after disposition of Defendants’ FRCP 60(d)3 motion to vacate Consent Order and Judgment (DOC-61) for Fraud Upon the Court: opposition papers, if any, are served on the SEC;
  • One week later: reply papers, if any, must be served by the SEC

The question now becomes, will the SEC defend "Fraud Upon the Court?"

Digital Asset Securities

The SEC “regrets any confusion” caused by its characterization of these tokens as “crypto asset securities” and “no longer uses the shorthand term,” according to the Sept. 12 filing. Yet, this term was used to claim jurisdiction over the crypto industry raising questions over past cases, including that of Reggie Middleton.

"...by using imprecise language we've been able to suggest the token itself is a security, apart from that investment contract, which has implications for Secondary Sales, it has implications for who can list it...We've fallen down on our duty as a regulator not to be precise. So, tucking into a footnote that yes we admit that now that the TOKEN ITSELF IS NOT A SECURITY..." ~ SEC Commissioner @HesterPeirce

Tom Emmer @GOPMajorityWhip would later introduce the "Security Clarity Act" further questioning the SEC's jurisdiction over some cases.
 
What's even more suspicious, is the VERI token was mentioned about 150 times in the SEC's original complaint but the VERI Token was not mentioned once in the Final Judgment, which begs the question. Is the SEC deliberately hiding any reference to the VERI Token, just as they hid "The SEC is not referring to the crypto asset itself as a security" in a footnote of the Binance case? This becomes a little more questionable when the SEC refused to issue a written reply to the No Action Letter submitted by Jeremy Hogan and the VeriDAO.
 

The SEC's Smoking Guns: Fraud on the Court Allegations

1 - Falsely Claimed Patents were "not novel", "stalled" and would never be granted, claiming Reggie "misled investors about the status of Veritaseum’s IP". A total of 7 patents have since been granted with 3 in the US (US11196566B2, US11895246B2, US12231579) and 4 in Japan (JP6813477B2, JP7204231B2, JP7533974B2, JP7533983B2). These patents titled "Devices, systems, and methods for facilitating low trust and zero trust value transfers" are foundational to DeFi, Tokenized Assets, NFT's, Stablecoins, Proof of Stake and Proof of Work.

Coinbase filed a IPR2023-00751 in an attempt in invalidate these patents. The USPTO upheld the patents denying the IPR challenge based on "lack of merit" further strengthening the validity of the patents
 
2 -VeADIR Platform Functionality - a live demonstration was performed in front of SEC staff and days later Reggie was told to shut it down, Tenreiro then claimed the platform was not functional. VeTest Channel on YouTube has videos that prove the functionality but as shown in his affidavit, the owner was threatened by Tenreiro "...the line of questioning quickly turned aggressive, abusive and threatening" and told to cease making videos "...through threats of multiple felony charges against me for supporting Mr. Middleton, testing his software and publicizing the results through my YouTube Channel".
 
3 - Misrepresented Ownership of Kraken Corporate Account as Personal - Jorge Tenreiro failed to correct the record after expert witness Patrick Doody corrected his statements "I understand now that the account is titled in the name of Veritaseum LLC", found on the last page of his 2nd declaration. Also detailed on page 20 of the SEC RICO Dossier
 
Reggie Middleton a NY resident points out that Kraken is not licensed to do business in NY making it impossible for him to have a personal Kraken account as found on Krakens Support page under Geographic Restrictions.
 
4 - Misrepresentation of Asset Flow - by falsely alleged vast sums of money were flowing into Middleton’s personal account, misleading the court about asset misappropriation of funds. This point becomes moot as the account is proven to be a Corporate account as evidenced in point #3 and also in a 423 page reply to the TRO.
 
5 - False Allegation Regarding Agreements - alleging the defendants were merely negotiating deals with the Jamaican Stock Exchange (Memorandum of Understanding) and Nigerian Stock Exchange(Joint Venture Agreement), when signed agreements were already in place. The SEC's aggressive and actions caused the cancellations of these agreements. FOIA request have been submitted seeking communications between the SEC and the JSE.
 
6 - Misrepresenting Trading Activity on Etherdelta - as manipulation when it was publicly announced prior as a liquidity test of the new platform also found on page 49 Veritaseum's reply to the TRO “Testing EtherDelta as a method of distributing post-Offering Veritas tokens. Anyone interested in buy VERI please visit https://etherdelta.github.io and let me know”
 
7 - Misrepresentation of CEO Payments - falsely misrepresented that $1.7 million in periodic payments to Middleton over 27 months (about 2 and a half years), was dissipation of assets, misleading the court about CEO compensation. this is detailed on page 55 of the SEC RICO Dossier.
 
8 - Nature of International Payments -The SEC's TRO action misrepresented payments to overseas contractors as asset dissipation. Daneillo would later correct her findings to show they were in fact payments to overseas contractors. The SEC continued to imply that the payments were part of an effort to hide assets to thwart judgment relief, which is clearly a disingenuous characterization (SEC Memo of Law in Further Support of TRO).
 
9 - Unethical Conduct in No-Action Letter Request - Involved himself unethically in a No Action Letter (NAL) request meeting, breaching the SEC’s ethical separation as found in the Bar Complaint against Jorge Tenreiro.
 
10 - Harassment of VERI Token Holders - aggressively pursued VERI token holders to coerce them into giving evidence against Middleton, despite them stating they were not victims of Fraud. Victims of harassment have either come forth with notarized affidavits (Lloyd Cupp, John Doe) explicitly and verbosely describing the coercion, or have indicated fear of retaliation due to their treatment after interaction with Mr.Tenreiro.
 
11 - The sanctions against the SEC for lying to the Court to issue a Temporary Restraining Order in the Debtbox case further exemplifies the SEC's tactics in issuing TRO's. Quoted from a letter by Senator at the time JD Vance to Gary Gensler “It is difficult to maintain confidence that other cases are not predicated upon dubious evidence, obfuscations, or outright misrepresentations”. Parallels of the TRO issued in the Debtbox and that of Veritaseum.
 

Timeline of Events

Aug 19, 2019: All allegations against Reggie were addressed and rebutted in a strong
423 page reply to the SEC emergency TRO but days later the SEC would ignore the evidence provided and the TRO was granted regardless forcing a Consent Order and Final Judgment
 
March 10, 2021: Jorge Tenreiro argued the SEC's case against Ripple’s Christian Larsen for aiding and abetting unregistered securities sales was valid, highlighting Tenreiro's aggressive enforcement approach.
 
Oct 13, 2022: SEC v Middleton Case Information claiming he harmed investors yet no token holders came forth as witnesses for the SEC.
 
March 2024: “Gross Abuse of Power” US Court SEC for Misrepresenting Evidence to obtain a TRO against Debtbox. US Court Memorandum Decision and Order. An analysis comparing this to the SEC's TRO against Veritaseum can be found on page 42 of the SEC RICO Dossier.
 
Sept 2024 - SEC v Binance - Footnote states Token itself is not a security.
 
Oct 4, 2024: A Bar Complaint was filed against Jorge Tenreiro by the VERI Community.
 
Oct 31, 2024: A 96 page SEC RICO Dossier supported by over 1800 pages of evidence was also released by the VERI Community.
 
Dec 6, 2024: The Attorney Grievance Committee forwarded the Bar Complaint back to the SEC OGC. The VERI Community issues a letter to the AGC asking it to reconsider investigating the complaint.
 
Jan 2025: SEC admits in a footnote "that a token itself is not a security" revealing that "Digital Asset Securities" is a made up term used to claim jurisdiction over digital assets https://x.com/SovereignRiz/status/1881316167987388904
 
March 9, 2025 - Tom Emmer introduces the "Securities Clarity Act" stating Tokens are separate from an investment contract.
 
Feb 5, 2025: Tenreiro has since been reassigned to the IT Dept. WSJ Article "SEC Ousts Top Litigator Who Battled with Crypto Giants"
 
 
 

Other Articles exploring this topic in more detail

 
 
 

Source links:

Disclaimer: The content provided in this document is intended strictly for informational and educational purposes only. This document constitutes a research opinion and should be regarded as such. All claims, statements, allegations, and opinions contained within are based on publicly available information and are allegations unless and until proven in a court of law. The authors expressly disclaim any representation or warranty regarding the truthfulness, accuracy, completeness, fitness for a particular purpose, or durability of the information contained herein.
 
The authors of these documents are not licensed attorneys or legal professionals and do not claim to provide legal, financial, or professional advisory services. Nothing in this document should be construed as legal advice, legal opinion, or any form of licensed advisory counsel. If you require legal assistance or professional advice, you are strongly encouraged to consult a licensed attorney or qualified expert in the relevant field. The authors are laypersons presenting research-based opinions, and as such, this document should not be relied upon to make any decisions of legal, financial, or professional significance.
 
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The authors will not be liable for any damages, losses, or legal consequences that arise from the use, misuse, or reliance on the information provided herein. No responsibility is assumed for any actions or decisions that any party may make based on this document. The reader assumes full responsibility for any and all consequences that may arise from using the information contained in this document.
 
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Finally, any statements regarding individuals, entities, or organizations are not intended to malign, defame, or harm the reputation of those mentioned. Any resemblance to real individuals or incidents is purely coincidental, unless otherwise explicitly stated, and the authors urge readers to exercise caution and discernment when interpreting the information presented.
 
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Revolut Leak Shows the Cost of Constant ID Collection
Revolut’s mistake is the news, but the bigger problem is the growing number of companies being encouraged or required to keep copies of our most sensitive identity documents.

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The company said that the data was handed over in response to an email that came from a real government agency’s domain, but was not actually sent or authorized by that agency.

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Revolut said that it complied with the request “under the reasonable belief that it was an authentic government agency request” – and only later found out that it was not.

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Revolut notice explaining customer identity and financial data was shared after an unauthorized government email request.

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The more companies are forced to collect and store such information, and the more of it they have, the more opportunities there are for this data to be leaked, either by the company itself or a third party it works with. That's what makes governments' push for more ID checks just to access ordinary parts of life so reckless.

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This Is The Income A Family Needs To Live Comfortably In Every US State

Here’s the short version of what it takes for a family of four to live comfortably in 2026 by state:

In Massachusetts, you’d need nearly $330,000 a year - the highest figure in the entire country. Only three states clear the $300,000 mark: Massachusetts, Hawaii, and California. At the other end of the spectrum, Mississippi is the most affordable at about $188,000. That’s a full $142,000 less than what you’d need in Massachusetts.

So… how much does a family of four need in your state?

This map shows the pre-tax income a household with two working adults and two kids needs to live comfortably in every U.S. state.

The numbers come from SmartAsset (as of February 2026). They’re based on the familiar 50/30/20 budget: 50% for necessities, 30% for discretionary spending, and 20% for savings or other goals. These aren’t bare-minimum survival numbers—they’re what it takes to live pretty well while still putting money aside.

And as Visual Capitalist notes, Massachusetts sits at the very top of that list. Massachusetts tops the ranking, with a family of four needing $329,555 per year to meet the 50/30/20 benchmark.

Hawaii follows at $313,165, while California ranks third at $302,682.

Rank State Income needed for family of four (2026)

  • 1 - Massachusetts - $329,555
  • 2 - Hawaii - $313,165
  • 3 - California - $302,682
  • 4 - Connecticut - $298,189
  • 5 - New Jersey - $295,110
  • 6 - New York - $291,533
  • 7 - Colorado - $283,213
  • 8 - Washington - $281,798
  • 9 - Oregon - $280,966
  • 10 - Vermont - $280,384
  • 11 - Alaska - $272,064
  • 12 - New Hampshire - $267,904
  • 13 - Rhode Island - $264,659
  • 14 - Minnesota - $263,078
  • 15 - Maryland - $257,837
  • 16 - Maine - $250,931
  • 17 - Montana - $249,434
  • 18 - Pennsylvania - $247,936
  • 19 - Illinois - $244,109
  • 20 - Virginia - $242,944
  • 21 - Nevada - $242,278
  • 22 - Indiana - $241,696
  • 23 - Wisconsin - $238,451
  • 24 - Arizona - $236,870
  • 25 - Utah - $235,789
  • 26 - Delaware - $228,134
  • 27 - Ohio - $226,221
  • 28 - Idaho - $226,054
  • 29 - Florida - $223,392
  • 30 - New Mexico - $223,142
  • 31 - Nebraska - $223,059
  • 32 - Missouri - $217,734
  • 33 - Georgia - $214,573
  • 34 - Michigan - $214,323
  • 35 - South Carolina - $212,909
  • 36 - North Carolina - $212,410
  • 37 - Wyoming - $212,410
  • 38 - Oklahoma - $211,910
  • 39 - North Dakota - $210,496
  • 40 - Kansas - $207,917
  • 41 - Iowa - $204,422
  • 42 - Texas - $203,424
  • 43 - West Virginia - $202,592
  • 44 - South Dakota - $201,760
  • 45 - Alabama - $198,931
  • 46 - Louisiana - $197,933
  • 47 - Tennessee - $197,267
  • 48 - Arkansas - $195,437
  • 49 - Kentucky - $194,854
  • 50 - Mississippi - $187,533

Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York aren't far behind, bringing the number of states with comfortable-income thresholds above $290,000 to six.

Colorado and Vermont Make the Top 10

As expected, many of the highest income thresholds are concentrated in the Northeast and along the West Coast.

However, Colorado has the seventh-highest threshold in the country at $283,213, ranking above Washington and Oregon.

Vermont rounds out the top 10 at $280,384, despite having the second-smallest population of any U.S. state. Meanwhile, nearby states like New Hampshire, Maine, and Rhode Island all fall outside the top 10.

Just Six States Come in Below $200,000

Despite the wide range in living costs across the country, only six states have a comfortable-income threshold below $200,000 for a family of four.

Mississippi ranks lowest at $187,533, followed by Kentucky. The states of Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Alabama also fall below the $200,000 mark.

The gap between Massachusetts and Mississippi exceeds $142,000 per year, meaning the Massachusetts benchmark is about 76% higher.

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Now that AI is moving into the physical world, many are asking a bigger question:
 
Will these same companies end up controlling robotics too?
 
It's a valid concern.
 
The latest generation of robots relies on enormous amounts of compute, simulation, training data, and foundation models. Many robotics startups today are built on infrastructure provided by large technology companies. NVIDIA's Omniverse is becoming a key simulation environment for robot training. Microsoft Azure is powering the training of robotics foundation models. Physical AI startups increasingly depend on hyperscale cloud infrastructure to train and deploy intelligent systems. Recent partnerships across the industry show just how central Big Tech has become to robotics development.
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The idea behind decentralized AI is simple. Instead of a handful of companies owning the models, compute infrastructure, data pipelines, and intelligence networks, these resources are distributed across thousands of participants.
 
This means anyone can contribute compute, contribute models, validate outputs and can participate.
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Think of it as an attempt to build an open marketplace for AI instead of a world where intelligence is rented from a few centralized providers.
 
Why This Matters for Robotics
 
Robotics has a unique problem. Unlike chatbots, robots operate in the physical world. They need to perceive environments, make decisions, move safely and they need to learn continuously.
 
The challenge is that collecting and training on real-world robotic data is incredibly expensive. That's one reason large companies have such an advantage. They can afford the compute, simulation environments, and data infrastructure needed to train robotics models at scale.
 
This is where decentralized systems become interesting.
 
Instead of one company collecting all the data and training all the models, decentralized networks could allow thousands of contributors to participate in building robotic intelligence.
 
Imagine a future where:
  • Warehouse robots contribute operational data.
  • Delivery robots contribute navigation data.
  • Factory robots contribute manipulation data.
  • Developers contribute models.
  • Validators evaluate performance.
The resulting intelligence becomes a shared network rather than a proprietary asset.
 
That vision is beginning to emerge.
 
Bittensor's Move Toward Physical AI
 
While many people associate Bittensor (@bittensor) with language models and AI services, parts of the ecosystem are increasingly exploring embodied intelligence and robotics.
 
One example is Kinitro, a subnet focused on incentivizing the training and evaluation of embodied AI systems. The goal is to create competitive environments where developers build robotic intelligence and are rewarded based on performance.
 
The broader Bittensor ecosystem has also expanded into compute marketplaces, distributed inference systems, bandwidth infrastructure, and AI coordination layers that could eventually support robotics workloads. Several subnets now focus on decentralized compute, confidential inference, data transfer, and model training, critical components for future robotic systems.
 
In other words, the pieces are starting to appear.
 
Not a decentralized robot network yet.
 
But the infrastructure that could support one.
 
Beyond Bittensor: The Rise of Physical AI Networks
 
Bittensor isn't alone.
 
Across the industry, researchers and builders are experimenting with decentralized approaches to physical AI.
 
New research published in 2026 introduced the concept of DAO-enabled decentralized physical AI, or DePAI. The idea combines robotics, decentralized infrastructure, AI models, governance systems, and human oversight into a single framework. Instead of centralized control, robots and physical infrastructure could be coordinated through transparent rules and distributed ownership models.
 
At the same time, developers are exploring decentralized operating systems for robots that allow machines to communicate directly with each other and with distributed compute resources. These architectures are designed to make robotic systems more resilient and less dependent on a single cloud provider.
 
The goal is not simply decentralization for its own sake.
 
The goal is resilience.
 
If one server fails, the system continues.
 
If one company disappears, the network survives.
 
If one participant leaves, innovation continues.
 
But Here's the Reality
 
Decentralized AI faces the same challenge every decentralized technology faces.
 
Big Tech has resources. A lot of resources.
 
Training advanced robotics models requires enormous compute budgets, sophisticated simulation environments, access to specialized hardware, and vast amounts of real-world data.
 
That's why many robotics startups still partner with major cloud providers and AI companies. It's often the fastest path to deployment.
 
And there are legitimate concerns about whether decentralized networks can maintain quality, reliability, and security at the scale required for industrial robotics. Even researchers studying decentralized AI systems have highlighted risks around concentration, incentives, governance, and network security.
 
The challenge isn't just decentralizing intelligence.
 
It's decentralizing intelligence while maintaining performance.
 
That's much harder.
 
The Most Likely Outcome
 
The future probably won't be fully centralized. And it probably won't be fully decentralized either. Instead, we're likely heading toward a hybrid model.
 
Large technology companies will continue providing chips, cloud infrastructure, simulation platforms, and foundational research.
 
At the same time, decentralized AI networks will emerge as alternative coordination layers where intelligence, data, and economic value can be shared more openly.
 
The companies building robots may use NVIDIA hardware.
 
Train on Azure.
 
Run foundation models from OpenAI.
 
But they may also participate in decentralized data networks, decentralized compute markets, and decentralized intelligence protocols.
 
The future of robotics could end up looking less like a monopoly and more like an ecosystem.
 
The Bigger Question
 
The real question isn't whether decentralized AI can eliminate Big Tech.
 
It can't.
 
At least not anytime soon.
 
The real question is whether decentralized AI can prevent a future where a handful of companies control every robot, every model, every dataset, and every decision made by the machines operating around us.
 
As robots become workers, assistants, delivery drivers, factory operators, and even economic agents, that question becomes increasingly important.
 
Because the battle for the future of robotics is no longer about hardware.
 
It's about who owns the intelligence.
 
And that battle is just getting started.
 
 

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