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Are same brand stablecoins fungible in different regions?
May 03, 2025
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Many countries are introducing stablecoin laws, each with their own requirements, especially regarding reserves. If the same stablecoin brand is issued in multiple jurisdictions using the same brand, is it fungible (or entirely interchangeable)? There’s the practical fungibility versus the legal one, especially if a stablecoin collapses.

Highlights:

  • Each jurisdiction imposes different reserve composition and redemption rules for stablecoins
  • Multi jurisdiction issuers use arrangements between regions to harmonize reserves
  • Issuers cannot precisely track how many tokens circulate in each region due to secondary market transfers
  • Formal crisis plans will determine outcomes during stress events
  • During a collapse, holders in specific regions could face different recovery rates depending on local reserve adequacy.

While the biggest use case for stablecoins is currently for cryptocurrency transactions, there’s a growing appreciation of their benefits for cross border payments. Plus, the infrastructure to support this is expanding, with Stripe’s acquisition of Bridge being one of many examples. After passing the $200 billion issuance mark in December 2024, many predict it won’t be long before stablecoins reach the trillion mark. Citi recently estimated a base case of $1.6 trillion by 2030, with a bullish estimate of $3.7 trillion.

Defining fungibility

The definition of ‘fungible’ according to the Oxford Dictionary:

“Of a product or commodity that has been contracted for: that can be replaced by another identical item without breaking the terms of the contract. More generally: interchangeable, replaceable.”

What’s notable about this definition is that stablecoins issued in different jurisdictions will likely have separate contracts.

The core fungibility issue arises because a resident of one jurisdiction might receive a payment that involves a token that’s technically issued in another jurisdiction. In the examples we’re discussing, these are the same brand of tokens.

Technically, EU crypto exchanges may be breaking the rules

Imagine a global stablecoin, let’s call it GlobalCoin, issued in two jurisdictions e.g. Japan and EU each meeting local requirements. Clifford Chance partner, Diego Ballon Ossio, highlighted that this is potentially problematic in the EU. He noted that, “technically the EU issuer or exchange should have something in place to avoid the Japanese version of that coin to be listed, exchanged, and traded in the EU. Because it’s not exactly the same coin, particularly if say liquidity requirements differ.”

He gave the example of someone from Japan paying an EU resident with GlobalCoin via an EU cryptocurrency exchange. From the user’s perspective, a GlobalCoin is a GlobalCoin, they can’t differentiate where it was issued.

Mr Ballon Ossio continued, “If that coin was used in an exchange, that exchange is now admitting to trading a coin that technically hasn’t been approved because the Japanese version wasn’t approved. And actually you would not be allowed to offer that coin because that coin is being sold as an e-money token, but it’s actually been issued by a non-EU issuer.”

The EU’s MICA regulations don’t deal with this situation. There’s a pragmatic approach involving the issuers rebalancing the books between the jurisdictions, which isn’t perfect. It will work 99.99% of the time, but will be tricky in a de-peg event.

USDC is the first prominent example

The most prominent example of a stablecoin that’s issued in multiple jurisdictions is Circle’s USDC, which is primarily issued in the United States. While this article references USDC a few times, the content and issues are not specific to Circle or USDC.

Circle has EU emoney and MiCAR licenses and issues USDC in France under European rules. The EU version of USDC has a separate issuer, different terms (ie. a separate contract) and ringfenced reserves. For example, all EU USDC stablecoin holders can directly redeem the stablecoin with Circle SAS, provided they go through KYC and compliance procedures. In the US, only larger entities and distributors (primary participants) can redeem directly. The UK has changed its planned approach and now intends to allow redemption only via primary participants.

Jurisdictions have different reserve requirements

Looking at its reserves, in the United States the USDC stablecoin keeps around 15% of its reserves in bank deposits, according to Circle’s transparency reports. USDC temporarily lost its dollar peg when Silicon Valley Bank collapsed in 2023 holding $3.3 billion of USDC reserves. Before that, Circle kept around a quarter of its reserves at banks. Even 15% is more than most stablecoin issuers, in part because holders of other stablecoins often switch to USDC to off ramp. For example, Tether only keeps around 0.1% at banks.

Turning to EU’s MiCAR, it requires smaller coins to keep 30% of their reserves in cash, and larger ones 60%. The regulations attempt to address the risks by limiting the amount held by a single bank.

Another example is Japan, which currently requires 100% of stablecoin reserves to be held in bank accounts, although it’s exploring changing the rules to support government bonds.

In the case of Circle, it also has a license in Singapore. For its Singapore issuance, all reserves are held in a trust account at Standard Chartered Singapore.

Estimating regional stablecoin issuance

Each jurisdiction expects stablecoin reserves to be held onshore in the proportions required by law. Yet stablecoins are bearer tokens where most transactions take place in secondary markets, so issuers don’t know the identity of all their coin holders, or where they are based.

In order to rebalance the books between the regions, they have to estimate the regional figures. Europe has provided guidelines for how to do this for foreign currency coins, which involves getting reports from local crypto asset service providers (CASPs), including crypto exchanges and custodians. CASPs have to provide the issuer with reports on a daily basis. Self hosted wallets tend to be glossed over and these might be retail or institutional.

That said, if a large liquidity provider uses a coin issued in the US to pay for a multi billion Bitcoin transaction in the EU, that will move a lot of coins. However, some of these institutional wallets are traceable, although there is an increasing tendency for larger players to attempt to cover their tracks.

If jurisdictions don’t prescribe rules, then issuers will likely make estimates using issuance and redemption figures via primary participants (distributors).

In the case of USDC, in its MiCAR whitepaper it notes that it will rebalance the reserves between the two current jurisdictions. As one of the risks, the European USDC whitepaper says:

“Dual Issuer Risk. Circle LLC and Circle SAS have entered into a contractual arrangement to rebalance their respective reserves in the event that one reserve is no longer able to meet its liabilities. The Circle SAS Recovery Plan and Redemption Plan will take into account these intra-company considerations and outline a uniform and coordinated approach by both issuers in order to be able to cover any outstanding liabilities and satisfy redemptions in a prompt and equitable way.” 

What happens if the GlobalCoin stablecoin fails?

As we’ve shown, stablecoin issuers can make best efforts to ensure the reserves are sitting in the correct jurisdiction. But they won’t know precisely how many stablecoins are held in each jurisdiction until everyone wants to redeem simultaneously. So what happens if GlobalCoin fails?

There are two ways this will be addressed. One is by having a plan in place, and the EU requires emoney token (stablecoin) issuers to have both recovery and redemption plans. However, these are not public documents. Mr Ballon Ossio was willing to speculate what the contents might include. If there were a shortfall, the treatment is likely to be similar to a client assets framework. This would usually spread the loss across a single class of asset holders. In other words, if there was a 10% shortfall in reserves, then a US dollar stablecoin would be worth 90 cents for redemption purposes.

A second path is for regulators in jurisdictions to have mutual agreements. Mr Ballon Ossio highlighted that in the banking world there’s the Basel Committee framework for banks. However, just looking at the US draft stablecoin regulations, MiCAR and Japanese regulations, the requirements for redemption and holding liquid bank balances are vastly different. While Basel implementations differ between jurisdictions, there’s more homogeneity compared to stablecoins.

This fungibility topic probably won’t matter for 99.99% of the time. As more and more jurisdictions pass legislation, there’s more need for laws to provide legal clarity on this topic, especially given cross border payments are a key stablecoin use case. Hopefully it will be a very long time before there’s a need to explore what happens in the 0.01% scenario: a failure of a multi-jurisdiction stablecoin.

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🚨 “Something Big Is Being Hidden… 3IATLAS” – Congresswoman Luna Breaks Silence 🚨

Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna has spoken out about the mystery of 3I/ATLAS, showing her full support for Harvard scientist Avi Loeb’s investigation. She’s now teaming up with Loeb to uncover what the government might be hiding about non-human life forms, and why access to key footage is being blocked from the public.

Luna says this fight for UFO and ET disclosure is a bipartisan battle, but warns that powerful forces inside the intelligence community and the Department of Defense are pushing back hard to keep the truth hidden.

Meanwhile, sources claim that NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) captured rare images of 3I/ATLAS on October 2–3, but those pictures still haven’t been released — adding even more mystery to the case.

Could this be the moment the truth finally breaks through? 👀

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🚨BREAKING: Today, the LAST Penny will be minted!

🚨BREAKING: IT'S OFFICIAL: The US Mint will officially STOP minting pennies. Today, the LAST Penny will be minted!

One Penny Costs the U.S Taxpayer $0.37 cents to Mint.

U.S. Mint lost $85,300,000,000 BILLION minting pennies in FY2024 alone.

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Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

The future of Crypto x AI is about to go crazy.

👉 Here’s what you need to know:

💠 'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
💠 Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
💠 Equipped w/ crypto wallet and on-chain functions
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💠 Integrates with Coinbase’s SDK, OpenAI, & Replit

👉 What this means for the future of Crypto:

1. Open Access: Democratized access to advanced trading
2. Automated Txns: Complex trades + streamlined on-chain activity
3. AI Dominance: Est ~80% of crypto 👉txns done by AI agents by 2025

🚨 I personally wouldn't bet against Brian Armstrong and Jesse Pollak.

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BREAKING: Multiple indicators of elevated U.S. military readiness today.
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A Presidential Doomsday Plane (E-4B) is airborne over Kansas, capable of commanding the U.S. nuclear arsenal midair.
Missile tracking aircraft spotted over North Dakota and Arkansas.
Meanwhile, shortwave listeners across Europe recorded strange clapping spy signals on multiple frequencies, the origin of which was unknown.

A B-52 bomber conducted a deterrence patrol over Finland & the Baltics.
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Bitcoin falls under $97,000

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3I/ATLAS — Secret Laws Of Gravity
Unlocking the future of space travel through the precise calculation of time and orbital trajectories.

"My preliminary analysis suggests two principal hypotheses regarding the reported phenomenon known as '3I/Atlas':

  1. A Coordinated Psychological Operation (PsyOp): The phenomenon may constitute a calculated effort to manipulate public sentiment or induce fear, potentially preceding a planned, large-scale deception (referred to informally as 'Project Bluebeam').

  2. A Highly Anomalous Object: Alternatively, the phenomenon represents an authentic, significant anomaly warranting serious scientific or intelligence scrutiny.

Regardless of its origin, '3I/Atlas' represents an historically noteworthy development that necessitates close, informed observation."

 

~Crypto Michael | The Dinarian 🙏

Abstract Introduction:

New data is now showing something that arrived early and its changing colors as we previously predicted.

In orbital mechanics where trajectories are calculated centuries in advance with accurate precision measured in seconds.

A 11-minute deviation is not a rounding error.

It’s not a typo in the database.

It’s not close enough.

"It’s Physically impossible.”

Now The longest government shutdown in U.S. history still blocking NASA releases while the object executed its closest Fly-by approaches to Mars, The Sun and Venus at the moment of maximum observational blackout.

But orbital mechanics don’t care about “government shutdowns.”

Our observations Don’t Stop.

And the math doesn’t wait for “Press releases.”

The math says this:

“If 3I/ATLAS is natural, it should have lost about 5.5 billion tons of mass.”

It didn't.

1. The 5.5 Billion Ton Problem:

Let’s start with what everyone agrees on: 3I/ATLAS “now” arrived earlier than pure gravitational predictions would allow. Even though we have been mentioning this trajectory change over 2 Weeks ago (October 21st Article HERE) TRACKING 3I/ATLAS .

The scientific consensus explanation? “Natural outgassing” the "rocket effect." As water ice sublimates near the Sun, it creates thrust, like a slow-motion rocket engine powered by evaporating ice. Comets do this all the time. It’s normal. It’s natural. It’s explainable.

Except for ONE problem.

The Physics Don’t Add Up!”

To generate enough thrust to arrive approximately “11 minutes early” would require shedding a staggering amount of mass.

Our calculations show “over 5.5 billion tons” of gas ejected over the perihelion passage.

Think about that for a moment.

That’s not a little puff of vapor.

That’s not some gas leaking from surface cracks.

That’s 15% of the object’s total estimated mass.

If 3I/ATLAS lost that much material naturally, it would create a debris cloud larger than Jupiter’s magnetosphere—visible to amateur telescopes from Earth. Absolutely impossible to miss in professional observations, and bright enough to be catalogued by every sky survey on the planet.

1.1 ~ The Plume Paradox:

Here’s where it gets interesting:

No such cloud has yet to be observed.

Not by Hubble. Not by JWST. Not by ground-based observatories. Not by the Mars orbiters that watched it pass at 30 million kilometers.

The brightness remained within “expected limits.” The coma showed stable & geometric shifting features. The tail structure now disappeared (but that’s another story). The main one is that: “The debris cloud that should exist — simply doesn’t.”

This isn't a minor discrepancy.

This is complete, mathematical failure of the natural comet hypothesis.

Part 2: The Industrial Signature:

So if natural sublimation didn't create the thrust, what did?

The answer is hidden in the chemistry—specifically, in what shouldn’t be there. “The Nickel Anomaly.” When multiple astronomers analyzed 3I/ATLAS’s spectral signature, they found something extraordinary: “nickel vapor” (Ni) at extreme distances from the Sun, where temperatures should be far too cold for metals to vaporize naturally.

Nickel doesn't just evaporate on its own at those temperatures.

It needs HELP.

And there’s only one known process—natural or industrial—that produces a volatile nickel-carbon compound at cold temperatures which we have said several times previously;

Nickel Tetracarbonyl: Ni(CO)₄

This is not a natural cosmic process.

This is an “industrial chemical pathway” used on EARTH for metal refinement!!!

It forms at 120°C and decomposes at 180°C allowing nickel to vaporize at temperatures where water ice would remain frozen solid.

It is LITERALLY, an industrial refrigerant for metal processing.

The presence of Ni(CO)₄ in the plume tells us two things:

  • The core is not ice — It’s a nickel-rich, engineered structure.
  • The process is not passive sublimation — it’s an active, controlled system.

The nickel vapor isn’t contamination.

It’s not a coincidence.

It’s Exhaust.

3. Secret Gravity (SOEG) Model:

This is where our research team proposes something NEW.

We call it The “Self-Optimizing Ejection Guidance (SOEG) Model”

A Brand New Scientifically defensible framework that explains the acceleration not as chaotic outgassing, but as “controlled propulsion.”

The SOEG Model (Project EE / 3IE)

The System:
• Volatile Reservoir — CO₂ ice + Nickel-rich metallic core.
• Solar Heating — Perihelion triggers sublimation at optimal moment.
• Magnetic Ionization — Internal magnetic field ionizes nickel vapor into plasma.
• Anisotropic Jets — Plasma channeled through focused nozzles. (not random cracks)
• Thrust Optimization — Maximum momentum transfer with minimal mass loss.

Unlike natural cometary outgassing—which is chaotic, omnidirectional, and wildly inefficient. The SOEG Model Fully Represents: (CONTROLLED, DIRECTIONAL, OPTIMIZED PROPULSION.)

It’s the engineering solution to interstellar navigation: Using a “magnetofluidic drive” that uses the Sun’s + Nearby Planets & Star energy to activate a propulsion system that was BUILT.

The secret is in the magnetic field. By ionizing the nickel-carbon vapor into a high-velocity plasma jet, the system achieves thrust efficiencies that natural sublimation could never match.

This isn’t science fiction. This is “magnetohydrodynamics” the same physics that powers experimental plasma thrusters being developed by NASA and ESA for deep-space missions.

The difference?

We’re building prototypes…

Someone else already perfected it.

4. The Scientific Statistical Test:

Here’s what makes it undeniable.

Natural comets exhibit HIGH temporal variance in their acceleration parameters.

Technical terms like (A₁) and (A₂) that describe how thrust changes over time. Natural outgassing is messy, chaotic & unpredictable.

Our Prediction:

We formally predict that when sufficient post-perihelion data is published — expected from JUICE observations (data release February 2026) and ground-based telescopes through December 2025— 3I/ATLAS WILL show:

  • (A₂ parameter near zero) — phase-locked rotational coherence.
  • Temporal drift < 0.5σ — stability far beyond natural variance.
  • “Thrust vector alignment” with rotational axis — body-fixed engine signature.

If ALL 3 conditions are met.

The probability that 3I/ATLAS is a natural comet drops below 0.01% (a >4σ statistical rejection).

This is not speculation. This is a time-stamped, falsifiable prediction.

By February — March 2026, we will either be proven right or wrong.

The data doesn’t care about our theories. It only cares about what actually happens.

5. The Blue Hue 🔵:

Now there’s one more piece of evidence—and it’s visible to the naked eye (well, through a telescope). “The Color Anomaly.”

Natural comets scatter sunlight off dust particles, producing a yellowish-red glow. At 1.36 AU from the Sun, 3I/ATLAS should have appeared reddish-orange from thermal emission.

Instead, observers noted something strange: “A distinct blue fluorescence” in the coma.

What Blue Light Means?

Blue emission in a comet’s coma comes from highly ionized species—primarily “CO” (carbon monoxide ions) and certain excited metallic vapors. This requires enormous, “FOCUSED” energy to achieve.

You don’t get this level of ionization from passive solar heating. You get it from ~ Active Plasma Generation. The blue hue is the visible proof of the SOEG engine operating at perihelion. It’s the "engine glow" of a magnetofluidic drive generating high-energy plasma to achieve maximum thrust efficiency.

Compare:
- Natural comets (Hale-Bopp, NEOWISE, 67P, Etc.): Usual Yellowish-red dust scattering.
- Expected for 3I/ATLAS at 1.36 AU: Reddish-orange thermal glow.
- Observed in 3I/ATLAS: Distinct “Blue” plasma fluorescence.

This isn't subtle.

This is the difference between reflected sunlight and an active thruster firing.

5.5 ~ Convergence of Evidence:

Let's put it all together.

The Self-Optimizing Ejection Guidance (SOEG) Model is not speculation. It’s not wild theorizing. It’s one of the only frameworks that coherently explains:

✅ The early arrival— non-gravitational acceleration without natural explanation.

✅ The missing 5.5-billion-ton debris cloud — controlled thrust with minimal mass loss.

✅ The Ni(CO)₄ industrial signature — engineered propulsion chemistry.

✅ The blue plasma glow — active ionization system visible during perihelion.

✅ The statistical impossibility — phase-locked stability beyond natural variance. (pending verification)

However each piece of evidence, standing alone, is anomalous but potentially explainable.

Together, they form an interlocking pattern that demands a technological origin.

But then there’s the Silence.

Venus conjunction: Still offline.

This is not incompetence.

This is recognition.

THEY know something we’re still calculating.

December 19, 2025: 3I/ATLAS reaches closest approach to Earth at 167 million miles.

“If the calculations are correct, the 5.5-billion-ton debris cloud should be impossible to miss. Every telescope on the planet will be watching.”

All of this new information scheduled to be released should definitely include the following: High-resolution spectroscopy, morphological analysis, particle environment data and MOST CRITICALLY the astrometric parameters that will confirm or refute our SOEG model’s predictions.

“If the A₂ parameter shows phase-locked stability, the SOEG model is confirmed.”

Conclusion:

The Numbers Don’t Lie. The orbital path was not set by gravity alone. The acceleration was not powered by ice. The chemistry was not natural. And the timing is not “coincidental.”

3I/ATLAS is a message written in orbital mechanics, plasma physics, and industrial chemistry—a message we have “74 days” left to fully decode.

The mathematics are clear.

The predictions are calculated.

We don't have to speculate about what it is.

We just have to (wait) for the complete data packet to arrive.”

And when it does, one of two things will happen:

Either the natural hypothesis survives (unlikely, given the evidence). Or we confirm what the numbers have been screaming to us since October are TRUE.

Something pushed it. Something controlled it. Something arrived exactly when it needed to.”

Or The A-parameters will lock.

The plasma signature will confirm.

The debris cloud will be absent.

And the institutional silence will make perfect sense.

Because you don’t announce a discovery like this through a press release.

You announce it through a “Calculated Strategy.”

Analogy Conclusion:

The orbital path was set by laws that were not known,
For where the starlight failed, a force was subtly sown.

No dust and ice, but Nickel in the plume’s blue gleam,
A pulse of hidden power, of controlled, forgotten dreams.

The A-Parameter locks, The true secret of the sphere,
The Simultaneous Truth arrives, When all the numbers are near.

— Earth Exists

Additional Reference & Data Source Links 🖇️:

EARTH EXISTS Documentation:
- [Previous article. 35 Days of Silence — 3I/ATLAS]

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BlackRock Is Manipulating The Price Of Bitcoin👀

Blackrock possess a strategic depth that goes far beyond initial appearances. When the general market perceives selling and traders respond with emotion, these major players are often operating on a much more profound level. They adeptly identify and leverage every available mechanism to influence market dynamics. Their power isn't in direct control of the asset, but in understanding how to move the market without ever taking direct ownership.

What entity has become the most prominent corporate champion of Bitcoin ($BTC)?

It's the one with the massive treasury holdings, known as Microstrategy.

 

However, the major strategic challenge lies here: the size of their Bitcoin position is fundamentally linked to their external financing, typically in the form of debt.

This reliance on significant debt creates an inherent vulnerability—a dependence on creditors and shareholders. When an entity's position is highly leveraged, that dependence makes them susceptible to market manipulation or strategic pressure from external financial forces.

When a highly leveraged corporate holder of a significant asset (like $BTC) faces external financial stress, that pressure inevitably transfers to the asset itself.

Blackrock's goal isn't to induce a market crash, but rather to establish a dominant position and control.

Any substantial sale of major cryptocurrencies like $BTC or $ETH initiated by Blackrock, can be interpreted not as routine trading, but as a deliberate effort to manipulate market sentiment and pricing.

Blackrock is deploying a sophisticated combination of tactics: they simultaneously generate market volatility through strategic sales of the asset ($BTC) while accumulating shares in key corporate holders (the stock symbolized by $MSTR).

The deeper intent is to leverage this equity stake to direct the corporate strategy of the highly leveraged Bitcoin champion.

With a sufficiently large ownership percentage, this influence becomes highly effective. The resulting market power is therefore a function of both manipulating price movement and controlling corporate policy.

Is Microstrategy (the company represented by the $MSTR stock) vulnerable to this kind of pressure? The evidence suggests yes.

A substantial stake held by Blackrock grants them effective leverage to influence and manipulate the company itself.

When the company's shares experience a significant decline, the leadership is often compelled to take action, potentially buying back their own stock. This action is driven by the fact that falling share prices directly intensify financial and market pressure on the entire organization.

If the stock of Microstrategy continues a sustained decline, lenders will inevitably begin to re-evaluate and revise the terms of existing loans. This is a critical point of failure for the entire strategy.

The fundamental operational model of this corporate champion works like a closed loop:

  • It secures debt financing (taking loans) to acquire $BTC.

  • Alternatively, it issues new equity (selling shares) to acquire $BTC.

Crucially, the ongoing interest payments on this substantial debt are often managed by the mechanism of issuing even more shares, creating a continuous cycle of dilution and reliance on a high stock price.

A major consequence of rising leverage is the escalating cost of borrowing, requiring Microstrategy to source even larger amounts of capital.

The most straightforward solution—to issue and sell more stock—proved to be insufficient.

In fact, the situation worsened: the company’s recent attempt to raise funds through a stock offering did not fully sell out. This failure directly resulted in a significant liquidity shortfall, hamstringing Microstrategy’s ability to meet its financial obligations and continue its asset acquisition strategy.

And the ultimate shock came when Microstrategy—the very entity that vowed it would never liquidate its holdings—began to sell.

These weren't insignificant trades; the sales were valued at billions of dollars.

The key question now becomes: Does this sudden, massive reversal signal the imminent collapse of Microstrategy, or is it simply a necessary, albeit drastic, maneuver of 'business as usual' under extreme duress?

There appear to be two primary strategic objectives behind Blackrock's calculated moves:

  • Scenario A (Direct Dominance): Blackrock aims to neutralize its most prominent competitor (the corporate Bitcoin accumulator) in order to seize the title as the largest holder of $BTC.

  • Scenario B (Indirect Control): The institution’s goal is to establish absolute market control and influence, preferring to leverage Microstrategy to execute the most aggressive or politically difficult actions.

The outright financial destruction of Microstrategy is highly improbable. Such an action would trigger a severe market crash that could take years to fully repair.

The far more intelligent strategy is integration and control.

Under this model, Microstrategy remains operational, while Blackrock secretly dictates strategy. This allows Microstrategy to absorb the market blame for any necessary but controversial manipulation, a classic and often dirty tactic used by high-powered financial entities.

In the immediate future, the market will continue to exhibit strong reactions to the strategic maneuvers of Blackrock.

When they execute sales, it instantly captures headlines, is aggressively amplified by the media, and causes fearful retail traders ('weak hands') to panic and exit their positions.

Every decrease in price that results from this panic directly translates into a superior entry point for Blackrock. This clearly illustrates that the current market environment is driven purely by emotion, making it a survival game reserved only for those with the strongest resolve.

In the long run, the nature of $BTC will likely shift, moving away from its original ideals of being completely free and decentralized.

The vast majority of the available supply is projected to become highly concentrated within a small number of major corporations and investment funds.

Consequently, the price cycles will no longer be reliably tied to events like halvings or popular narratives. Instead, they will be driven primarily by government and central bank policy decisions, overarching macroeconomic conditions, and the internal political maneuverings of the world's most dominant funds and corporations.

Blackrock's goal is not to eliminate $BTC; instead, they are focused on constructing an elaborate system of control around the asset.

Microstrategy (the stock symbolized by $MSTR) remains a powerful tool, but it now operates under terms and directives that the company's leadership no longer fully dictates.

Since direct command over the decentralized asset is impossible, control is established through strategic influence over the largest corporate and fund custodians. Moving forward, Blackrock will be the primary entity determining the market's trajectory.

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A Request for NASA to Release Scientific Data on 3I/ATLAS

During my recent podcast interview with Joe Rogan (accessible here), I had mentioned the unfortunate circumstances, under which NASA had not released for four weeks the images collected by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These images were taken on October 2–3, 2025, when the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS passed within 30 million kilometers from Mars. The images are extremely valuable scientifically because they possess a spatial resolution of 30 kilometers per pixel, about 3 times better than the spatial resolution achieved in the best publicly available image from the Hubble Space Telescope, taken on July 21, 2025 (accessible here and analyzed here). Whereas the Hubble image was taken from an edge-on perspective since Earth and the Sun were separated by only ~10 degrees relative to distant 3I/ATLAS, the HiRISE image offers a sideways perspective, valuable in decoding the mass loss geometry and glow around as it approached the Sun.

The delay in the data release was argued to be the result of the government shutdown on October 1, 2025. Nevertheless, conspiracy theorists suggested that it may have to do with evidence for extraterrestrial intelligence in the HiRISE images. When asked about it, I suggested that the delay is probably not a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence but rather of terrestrial stupidity. We should not hold science hostage to the shutdown politics of the day. The scientific community would have greatly benefited from the dissemination of this time-sensitive data as astronomers plan follow-up observations in the coming months.

Joe Rogan suggested that I contact the interim NASA administrator, Sean Duffy. The following day, I corresponded with congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna regarding a related formal request from NASA. Following our exchange, Representative Luna wrote a brilliant letter to NASA’s acting administrator Duffy.

We all owe a debt of deep gratitude for the visionary support displayed by Representative Luna to frontier science through her letter, attached below.

Avi Loeb is the head of the Galileo Project, founding director of Harvard University’s — Black Hole Initiative, director of the Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the former chair of the astronomy department at Harvard University (2011–2020). He is a former member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and a former chair of the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Academies. He is the bestselling author of “Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth” and a co-author of the textbook “Life in the Cosmos”, both published in 2021. The paperback edition of his new book, titled “Interstellar”, was published in August 2024.

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