Google just dropped Agent 2 Payment (A2P) protocol and it might be the most important Agent commerce breakthrough yet. Here's how it works 👇
Google's A2P creates a cryptographic handshake that proves intent:
Here's how it works step by step.
1. You give intent: "Buy this $500 Goldeneye cartridge"
2. Agent queries merchant: Gets current price/availability
3. Merchant signs commitment: "Yes, I'll sell this exact item for $500" (cryptographically proven)
4. You approve payment: Via your device with biometrics/credentials
5. Your device signs mandates: Both the cart (what you're buying) AND payment authorization
6. Transaction processes: With full audit trail of who agreed to what
Every step creates verifiable, cryptographic proof. No he-said-she-said disputes.
The breakthrough isn't limited "buy now" transactions.
Google created three types of mandates:
1️⃣ Human present (buy now):
- Traditional checkout but with cryptographic signatures
- You approve in real-time with biometrics
- Creates unbreakable link between your intent and the purchase
- Solves: "Did the user actually want this expensive item?"
2️⃣ Human not present (conditional):
- Buy when price drops below $400" or "Buy when back in stock"
- You cryptographically sign future purchase conditions
- Merchant pre-commits to fulfill at those terms
- Both signatures stored on-chain or in verifiable credentials
- Solves: "How do we enable autonomous purchasing without constant human approval?"
3️⃣ Payment mandate:
- Banks/processors get visibility into the signed intents
- They can see exactly what the user approved vs what's being charged
- Creates new fraud protection possibilities
- Solves: "How do payment networks protect users from rogue AI agents?"
It's open source:
- This uses W3C Verifiable Credentials
- It's published on Github
- Anyone can use it
More importantly, it works across ANY payment rail:
- Cards
- ACH
- Wire
- UPI
- Stablecoins
Who's behind it and will it scale?
60 partners including:
- Mastercard
- Adyen
- Coinbase
- Intuit
Visa is not included in the initial alliance supporting Google's Agent Payments Protocol (AP2) primarily due to strategic reasons and existing progress Visa has made with its own "Intelligent Commerce" framework, which is reported to be 3-5 years ahead in agentic commerce development.
Visa is technically capable of adapting to AP2 but has chosen to focus on its Intelligent Commerce solution, creating a competitive dynamic with Google and the AP2 coalition that includes Mastercard and American Express.
OP: Simon Taylor (Founder FintechBrainfood)