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? The Dinarian on Locals brings you the latest in news, interviews, in-depth conversations, and stories from across the blockchain and global communities—within and beyond cryptocurrency ?. Experts delve into how blockchain technology is reshaping industries, enhancing business networks ?, transforming transaction workflows, and advancing distributed ledger systems ??. We also explore intriguing topics that may venture into the realm of conspiracies—and so much more!
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Crypto and Blockchain: What are L1 vs L2 Scaling Solutions?

The crypto industry, similar to several other industries has its own set of shortcomings. However, most of these issues come with solutions as well. For instance, scalability has been a common issue for several blockchains. The difficulty in accommodating the increasing number of transactions and data on a blockchain has been put forth by an array of networks. This is where Layer-1 [L1] and Layer-2 [L2] solutions come in.

So what is Layer-1 [LI]?

Layer-1 usually refers to a blockchain or the base level of the blockchain. Bitcoin [BTC], Ethereum [ETH], and Litecoin [LTC] are all examples of a layer-1 blockchain. The solutions associated with it are usually implemented in the original blockchain itself. This would include changing the mechanisms or rules in order to spruce up the transaction capacity. Accommodation of more users, as well as data, follows suit in L1 scaling solutions.

Prominent L1 scaling solutions include changing up the consensus protocol. Crypto assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum currently employ the Proof-of-Work [PoW] consensus mechanism. While this is touted as one of the most secure algorithms, it can sometimes slow down. In addition to this, it is widely disregarded for its energy consumption. As a result, networks shift to Proof-of-Stake [PoS] consensus mechanism.

Ethereum for instance is inching closer to transitioning into PoS. The process eliminates the need for miners and brings in validators into the blockchain to validate new blocks of transactions.

The other solution is sharding. This term is quite popular among the Ethereum community. The crypto network has been tackling a lot of scalability issues. Ethereum 2.0 has been working on the same with Tezos, Qtum as well as Zilliqa.

Despite its relatively experimental status within the blockchain industry, sharding is a method borrowed from distributed databases that have grown to be one of the most well-liked Layer-1 scaling options. In order to make monitoring the whole network more feasible, sharding involves dividing the state of the entire blockchain network into separate databases known as “shards.” Following this, shards are processed by the network in order to pave the way for multiple other transactions.

Layer-2 [L2] Scaling Solutions

Layer-2 solutions unlike L1 operate on an already existing blockchain. Here, the L2 is involved to lessen the burden on a single blockchain by involving a similar architecture. The original blockchain basically, relies on secondary networks that work in parallel to the main chain. Bitcoin’s Lightning Network is a prominent example of an L2.

Layer-2 scalability solutions range from state channels, sidechains, and nested blockchains.

Sidechains are separate networks that are adjacent to transactional chains with their own validators. This indicates that the main chain’s bridge smart contract does not independently confirm the legitimacy of the sidechain network. As a result, since the sidechain has the ability to manage assets on the main chain, you must have faith that it is running well. It should also be noted that the main chain remains unfazed despite any security breaches on the sidechain.

Nested blockchains are quite different as they work from within the main chain as opposed to on top of it. The nested blockchain architecture generally consists of a core blockchain that establishes the rules for a larger network, with executions taking place on an interconnected web of subordinate chains. The main chain can serve as the foundation for several blockchain tiers, each leveraging a parent-child link. The parent chain assigns tasks to the child chains, that complete them and then passes them back to the parent. Unless it becomes essential to resolve a disagreement, the underlying base blockchain does not participate in the network operations of subsidiary chains.

The next one is state channels. It should be noted that this creates a two-way communication backdrop for the transacting entities. This usually involves blockchain and off-chain transactional channels. The crypto network’s transaction speed, as well as capacity, receives a bump in this case.

A state channel is not subject to Layer-1 network node validation. Conversely, it is a resource that is close to the network that is locked down using a multi-signature or smart contract method. A state channel’s ultimate “state” and any associated transitions are posted to the underlying blockchain after a transaction or batch of transactions is concluded.

Bitcoin Lightning Network is a primary example of a state channel.

Over the last couple of years, the crypto industry has witnessed impeccable growth. The increased amount investors diving into the industry has forced networks to employ L1 and L2 solutions in order to accommodate them. The chances of more solutions hitting the markets were high as the masses continue exploring the crypto-verse.

https://watcher.guru/news/crypto-and-blockchain-what-are-l1-vs-l2-scaling-solutions

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September 07, 2025
Utility, Utility, Utility

🚨Robinhood CEO - Vlad Tenev says: “It’s time to move beyond Bitcoin and meme coins into real-world assets!”

For up to date cryptocurrencies available through Robinhood:
https://robinhood.com/us/en/support/articles/coin-availability/

00:00:24
September 06, 2025
3 Companies Control 80% Of U.S. Banking👀

3 companies. 80% of U.S. banking. You need to know their names.

Watch us break it down in the latest Stronghold 101

00:03:58
September 06, 2025
We Have Been Lied To, For Far To Long!

Impossible Ancient Knowledge That DEBUNKS Our History!

Give them a follow:

Jays info:
@TheProjectUnity on X
youtube.com/c/ProjectUnity

Geoffrey Drumms info:
@TheLandOfChem on X
www.youtube.com/@thelandofchem

00:18:36
👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading

Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

The future of Crypto x AI is about to go crazy.

👉 Here’s what you need to know:

💠 'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
💠 Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
💠 Equipped w/ crypto wallet and on-chain functions
💠 Capable of completing trades, swaps, and staking
💠 Integrates with Coinbase’s SDK, OpenAI, & Replit

👉 What this means for the future of Crypto:

1. Open Access: Democratized access to advanced trading
2. Automated Txns: Complex trades + streamlined on-chain activity
3. AI Dominance: Est ~80% of crypto 👉txns done by AI agents by 2025

🚨 I personally wouldn't bet against Brian Armstrong and Jesse Pollak.

👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading
Enjoy The Show 🎬

🚨BREAKING: UFO Splits Missile In Half?!

In today’s Congressional UFO hearing, new military surveillance video shows a UFO splitting a Hellfire missile in mid-air.

https://x.com/TheProjectUnity/status/1965476449868988479

September 10, 2025

We’re pleased to announce that Emory University, through its Melody Lab led by Assistant Professor Wei Jin, has joined Theta's academic partner network by adopting Theta EdgeCloud Hybrid:

https://medium.com/theta-network/emory-university-a-top-ranked-us-research-university-in-georgia-leverages-edgecloud-for-ai-dc5b95f3700e

September 10, 2025

Two interesting facts:

1⃣ Ripple Payments user UniCredit just partnered w/ BNP Paribas for securities custody.

2⃣BNP Paribas uses Ripple Custody tech for its crypto custody. So both sides of the partnership are tied to Ripple

One in payments, the other in custody.

https://x.com/WKahneman/status/1965630841465569546?s=19

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The Great Onboarding: US Government Anchors Global Economy into Web3 via Pyth Network

For years, the crypto world speculated that the next major cycle would be driven by institutional adoption, with Wall Street finally legitimizing Bitcoin through vehicles like ETFs. While that prediction has indeed materialized, a recent development signifies a far more profound integration of Web3 into the global economic fabric, moving beyond mere financial products to the very infrastructure of data itself. The U.S. government has taken a monumental step, cementing Web3's role as a foundational layer for modern data distribution. This door, once opened, is poised to remain so indefinitely.

The U.S. Department of Commerce has officially partnered with leading blockchain oracle providers, Pyth Network and Chainlink, to distribute critical official economic data directly on-chain. This initiative marks a historic shift, bringing immutable, transparent, and auditable data from the federal government itself onto decentralized networks. This is not just a technological upgrade; it's a strategic move to enhance data accuracy, transparency, and accessibility for a global audience.

Specifically, Pyth Network has been selected to publish Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, starting with quarterly releases going back five years, with plans to expand to a broader range of economic datasets. Chainlink, the other key partner, will provide data feeds from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), including Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index. This crucial economic information will be made available across a multitude of blockchain networks, including major ecosystems like Ethereum, Avalanche, Base, Bitcoin, Solana, Tron, Stellar, Arbitrum One, Polygon PoS, and Optimism.

This development is closer to science fiction than traditional finance. The same oracle network, Pyth, that secures data for over 350 decentralized applications (dApps) across more than 50 blockchains, processing over $2.5 trillion in total trading volume through its oracles, is now the system of record for the United States' core economic indicators. Pyth's extensive infrastructure, spanning over 107 blockchains and supporting more than 600 applications, positions it as a trusted source for on-chain data. This is not about speculative assets; it's about leveraging proven, robust technology for critical public services.

The significance of this collaboration cannot be overstated. By bringing official statistics on-chain, the U.S. government is embracing cryptographic verifiability and immutable publication, setting a new precedent for how governments interact with decentralized technology. This initiative aligns with broader transparency goals and is supported by Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, positioning the U.S. as a world leader in finance and blockchain innovation. The decision by a federal entity to trust decentralized oracles with sensitive economic data underscores the growing institutional confidence in these networks.

This is the cycle of the great onboarding. The distinction between "Web2" and "Web3" is rapidly becoming obsolete. When government data, institutional flows, and grassroots builders all operate on the same decentralized rails, we are simply talking about the internet—a new iteration, yes, but the internet nonetheless: an immutable internet where data is not only published but also verified and distributed in real-time.

Pyth Network stands as tangible proof that this technology serves a vital purpose. It demonstrates that the industry has moved beyond abstract "crypto tech" to offering solutions that address real-world needs and are now actively sought after and understood by traditional entities. Most importantly, it proves that Web3 is no longer seeking permission; it has received the highest validation a system can receive—the trust of governments and markets alike.

This is not merely a fleeting trend; it's a crowning moment in global adoption. The U.S. government has just validated what many in the Web3 space have been building towards for years: that Web3 is not a sideshow, but a foundational layer for the future. The current cycle will be remembered as the moment the world definitively crossed this threshold, marking the last great opportunity to truly say, "we were early."

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US Dept of Commerce to publish GDP data on blockchain

On Tuesday during a televised White House cabinet meeting, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick announced the intention to publish GDP statistics on blockchains. Today Chainlink and Pyth said they were selected as the decentralized oracles to distribute the data.

Lutnick said, “The Department of Commerce is going to start issuing its statistics on the blockchain because you are the crypto President. And we are going to put out GDP on the blockchain, so people can use the blockchain for data distribution. And then we’re going to make that available to the entire government. So, all of you can do it. We’re just ironing out all the details.”

The data includes Real GDP and the PCE Price Index, which reflects changes in the prices of domestic consumer goods and services. The statistics are released monthly and quarterly. The biggest initial use will likely be by on-chain prediction markets. But as more data comes online, such as broader inflation data or interest rates from the Federal Reserve, it could be used to automate various financial instruments. Apart from using the data in smart contracts, sources of tamperproof data 👉will become increasingly important for generative AI.

While it would be possible to procure the data from third parties, it is always ideal to get it from the source to ensure its accuracy. Getting data directly from government sources makes it tamperproof, provided the original data feed has not been manipulated before it reaches the oracle.

Source

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XDC: xdcc2C02203C4f91375889d7AfADB09E207Edf809A6

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List Of Cardano Wallets

Well-known and actively maintained wallets supporting the Cardano Blockchain are EternlTyphonVesprYoroiLaceADAliteNuFiDaedalusGeroLodeWalletCoin WalletADAWalletAtomicGem WalletTrust and Exodus.

Note that in case of issues, usually only queries relating to official wallets can be answered in Cardano groups across telegram/forum. You may need to consult with specific wallet support teams for third party wallets.

Tips

  • Its is important to ensure that you're in sole control of your wallet keys, and that the keys used can be restored via alternate wallet providers if a particular one is non-functional. Hence, put extra attention to Non-Custodial and Compatibility fields.
  • The score column below is strictly a count of checks against each feature listed, the impact of specific feature (and thus, score) is up to reader's descretion.
  • The table represents current state on mainnet network, any future roadmap activities are out-of-scope.
  • Info on individual fields can be found towards the end of the page.
  • Any field that shows partial support (eg: open-source field) does not score the point for that field.

Brief info on fields above

  • Non-Custodial: are wallets where payment as well as stake keys are not shared/reused by wallet provider, and funds can be transparently verified on explorer
  • Compatibility: If the wallet mnemonics/keys can easily (for non-technical user) be used outside of specific wallet provider in major other wallets
  • Stake Control: Freedom to elect stake pool for user to delegate to (in user-friendly way)
  • Transparent Support: Easy approachability of a public interactive - eg: discord/telegram - group (with non-anonymous users) who can help out with support. Twitter/Email supports do not count for a check
  • Voting: Ability to participate in Catalyst voting process
  • Hardware Wallet: Integration with atleast Ledger Nano device
  • Native Assets: Ability to view native assets that belong to wallet
  • dApp Integration: Ability to interact with dApps
  • Stability: represents whether there have been large number of users reporting missing tokens/balance due to wallet backend being out of sync
  • Testnets Support: Ability to easily (for end-user) open wallets in atleast one of the cardano testnet networks
  • Custom Backend Support: Ability to elect a custom backend URL for selecting alternate way to submit transactions transactions created on client machines
  • Single/Multi Address Mode: Ability to use/import Single as well as Multiple Address modes for a wallet
  • Mobile App: Availability on atleast one of the popular mobile platforms
  • Desktop (app,extension,web): Ways to open wallet app on desktop PCs
  • Open Source: Whether the complete wallet (all components) are open source and can be run independently.

Source

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If you find value in my content, consider showing your support via:

💳 PayPal: 
1) Simply scan the QR code below 📲
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🔗 Crypto
XRP: r9pid4yrQgs6XSFWhMZ8NkxW3gkydWNyQX
XLM: GDMJF2OCHN3NNNX4T4F6POPBTXK23GTNSNQWUMIVKESTHMQM7XDYAIZT
XDC: xdcc2C02203C4f91375889d7AfADB09E207Edf809A6

 

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