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đŸ•”ïž Crypto Mixers and Privacy Coins: Can They Resist Censorship? đŸ•”ïž

US sanctions on Tornado Cash smart contracts have created new regulatory challenges for crypto mixers and privacy coins

In response to the US Treasury sanctioning crypto mixer Tornado Cash, advocacy groups such as Coin Center have come to its defense — arguing that smart contract code is not a sanctionable entity.

With this new precedent, it is unclear if privacy coins such as Monero will face similar censorship. A hard fork update on Aug. 13 reportedly made Monero transactions harder to trace — potentially closing any back doors law agencies used to track transactions.

The view that any cryptocurrency transaction is private by default is a common misconception. In fact, the opposite is true. Blockchain data is public and transactions are traceable. Crypto mixers and privacy coins were created to provide privacy for this open financial system. But both face different uphill battles. Before analyzing the likelihood of either’s success, we need to explain how they work, where they differ and the regulatory strategy game of financial censorship.

So what is a crypto mixer?
A crypto mixer, also known as a tumbler or blender, is a transaction mixing tool or service that anyone can use to obscure a crypto wallet’s source of funds. These tools were first created for bitcoin in 2013 but became a popular alternative to privacy coins once solutions like Tornado Cash made it available for a variety of cryptoassets.

There are two types of crypto mixers: custodial and non-custodial. Custodial blenders such as blender.io are central entities that take full custody of funds to mix transactions. Users pay a fee for the service and trust the entity to return their funds once the transactions are blended.

Blender.io was the first mixer to be sanctioned by US Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). It did not receive the same attention as Tornado Cash because it fell under the pattern of previous sanctions made against persons and entities. A North Korean state-sponsored hacker collective known as the Lazarus Group reportedly used the service after a hack against Axie Infinity that resulted in a $620 million loss.

How non-custodial crypto mixers like Tornado Cash works
With Tornado Cash, users send funds to smart contract addresses that automatically mix deposits of the same amount. They then use a zero-knowledge proof contract to prove they have the right to withdraw that amount.

For example, say you want to mix 11 ETH. Tornado Cash’s smart contracts group deposits by amounts. So you could deposit 10 ETH to the 10 ETH mixer and 1 ETH to the 1 ETH mixer. Once funds are sent to each blender, the contracts then use zero-knowledge proofs to verify you sent a deposit to each one without knowing which one was originally yours. This essentially gives you the equivalent of a withdrawal permission slip for each mixer.

So if you were to use the permission slips to withdraw both deposits, it would be close to impossible for any outside observer to identify the correct source of funds. They would see a myriad of potential options.

The tool provides pretty good financial privacy by breaking the link between the sender and receiver. But it’s not perfect; theoretically, third party blockchain intelligence could use outside data and behavior models in an attempt to deduce which transaction history belongs to the tokens on your new wallet address.

Legal challenges
On Aug. 8, 2022, OFAC added a list of addresses associated with Tornado Cash to the same list of sanctioned addresses where Blender.io ended up. This was in response to news that the Lazarus Group used the tool to launder $455 million in stolen funds.

OFAC used the same messaging and reasoning as it did Blender.io, but it did not acknowledge the key custodial difference between the two. In Coin Center’s full analysis, they argue that Tornado Cash has two separate elements: The decentralized group of governing members they call “Tornado Cash Entity” and the immutable smart contract coin mixers they call “Tornado Cash Application.”

The Tornado Cash Entity cannot update or change the Tornado Cash Application because the original creators destroyed their admin keys. The smart contracts will exist as long as the Ethereum blockchain continues to operate. So even though the Tornado Cash website is down, anyone can spin up a new front end — or interface with the smart contracts directly — that lets users access the same mixers.

The problem is that OFAC included these immutable smart contract addresses in the list of sanctions. So there are now innocent Americans with funds still in these mixers. If they attempt to move the funds, they will be breaking the law and subject to penalty. And because the application is not an entity, it has no means to petition OFAC for sanction removal.

Coin Center further argues that because the Tornado Cash Application is not an entity, OFAC did not cite the proper authority to add the smart contract addresses to the sanctions list. This marks an unprecedented move with potential constitutional issues.

In response to OFAC’s announcement, companies agreed to censor anyone connected to these addresses. The decentralized finance app Aave blocked any users that had Tornado Cash funds sent to them in a dust attack. And Circle followed by freezing 75,000 usd coin stablecoins belonging to Tornado Cash users. The Blockworks’ Empire podcast explains how that is possible in a Twitter thread.

What are privacy coins and how do they differ?
Privacy coins are cryptocurrencies that use a variety of approaches to obscure IP addresses, wallet balances and the flow of funds from public view. They differ from crypto mixers in that they make financial privacy less of a feature and more of a product. As a result, they only provide privacy to transactions made in a specific currency.

The two most popular privacy coins are Z-cash and Monero. Z-cash is a cryptocurrency that relies primarily on zero-knowledge proofs to shield transaction info. In October 2018, Z-cash announced that they fixed an 8-month-old bug in proofs that could have permitted an infinite inflation of supply. Due to transaction privacy, it was unclear how much was actually inflated.

Since this early stumble, z-cash has never returned to the highs of the 2017 bull cycle and currently ranks second to Monero in total privacy coin market cap. While monero was able to once again reach similar prices of the 2017 market, it failed to break its all-time high in 2021.

Monero is a privacy coin that offers financial anonymity through layers of privacy-enhanced blockchain encryption. Every transaction utilizes single-use stealth addresses to prevent the visibility of public address balances. So only users with a wallet’s private key can map its balance back to a public address. It also uses ring signatures to obscure the source of funds in a transaction by including random addresses in the verification signature.

Privacy challenges
The Monero protocol was upgraded on Aug. 13. While the previous version of Monero offered a layer of privacy, its complete untraceability was debatable. In 2018, critics claimed that inputs in a signature ring could be deduced through a process of elimination. And in 2021, CipherTracer reportedly patented a method that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) uses to trace transactions.

Even if CipherTracer discovered real vulnerabilities, the extent of their impact is unclear. They didn’t disclose their methods or success rate. This previous version still provided a degree of financial privacy in the sense that it blocked anyone not willing to pay CipherTracer.

But this disincentive is less resistant to state sanctions and censorship. Theoretically, the state is more willing to spend resources in an attempt to trace addresses — especially if they suspect a connection to crime, or in some countries, political opposition.

In Canada, an effort was made to trace financial contributions to the trucker freedom convoy. The government ended up sanctioning 34 crypto wallets in connection to the movement, and Monero addresses were included in that list.

The Monero developers hope this update will close any potential vulnerability by increasing the number of transactions in a ring signature. But in response to the update, CipherTracer stated, “While Monero’s upcoming chain improvements are significant, the fundamentals of our approach to tracing probable source of funds will still apply after the fork.”

If the upgrade does succeed in closing these back doors, there is concern that OFAC may take similar actions against Monero. In an interview with CoinDesk, a Monero contributor said that, “at the moment, I’m not concerned about immediate legal action.”

“There is no direct financial incentive
for developers, unlike [the situation with] the Tornado Cash developer,” he said.

These comments seem to infer that the potential ability for the developer to profit from the use of these smart contracts makes him liable. Dutch financial crimes agency FIOD arrested a Tornado Cash developer on suspicion of laundering money through the tool. But it is unclear if that arrest was for his specific attempts to launder money or for his connection to others using it for that purpose.

Adoption challenges
Even though top privacy coins such as monero and z-cash are actively working to increase the privacy of transactions, they have not seen the same degree of adoption as leading layer-1 blockchains such as Ethereum. Many competitors, including Secret Network and Oasis Network, argue that the reason for this lag is that privacy coins do not offer a base layer of privacy that can be used to build Web3.

In 2020 Secret Network was the first privacy based blockchain to enable smart contract programmability. It lives in the Cosmos ecosystem and is working toward a vision of Web3 privacy. It has launched multiple apps such as the decentralized messaging service Altermail, and decentralized exchange SiennaSwap.

But Secret Network and its competitors face the classic challenge of an overcrowded sector. They still have a long way in overcoming the market dominance of Monero and Z-Cash. The threat of sanctions have motivated many in the Z-Cash community to explore creating their own smart contract programmability.

The future of digital financial privacy
The battle against financial privacy feels like a game of whack-a-mole. So far, the state has tried two different tools. With crypto mixers, they used the regulatory sanctions hammer. And for privacy coins, they tried blockchain intelligence sleuths.

Their approach may be, if one financial privacy method is too popular with criminals or too hard to trace, they will just shut it down with the hammer.

Advocacy groups such as Coin Center may respond by challenging such actions in court, but that process will take years. The sanctions are very likely hurting innocent Americans in the meantime.

For other privacy solutions, they may use investigations to continue in their cat and mouse chase with developer upgrades.

User adoption, though, is a key element to this game. As more people are drawn to either mixers or privacy coins, the chance of tracing transactions becomes exponentially difficult. Switching analogies, it’s like the classic police chase down a narrow alley. If the suspect reaches a bustling parade, they can dust off and subtly slip away into the crowd.

If a privacy coin, mixer or base-layer privacy solution gains mainstream adoption, it could have greater resistance to censorship. State officials would struggle to find the political backing for sweeping sanctions or technology needed to crack privacy measures. And the potential Tornado Cash sanctions fallout for Ethereum validators may pull millions more into this conversation.

https://blockworks.co/crypto-mixers-and-privacy-coins-can-they-resist-censorship/

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Dubai regulator VARA classifies RWA issuance as licensed activity
Virtual Asset Regulatory Authority (VARA) leads global regulatory framework - makes RWA issuance licensed activity in Dubai.

Real-world assets (RWAs) issuance is now licensed activity in Dubai.

~ Actual law.
~ Not a legal gray zone.
~ Not a whitepaper fantasy.

RWA issuance and listing on secondary markets is defined under binding crypto regulation.

It’s execution by Dubai.

Irina Heaver explained:

“RWA issuance is no longer theoretical. It’s now a regulatory reality.”

VARA defined:

- RWAs are classified as Asset-Referenced Virtual Assets (ARVAs)

- Secondary market trading is permitted under VARA license

- Issuers need capital, audits, and legal disclosures

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No more tokenization without venues.
No more assets without liquidity.

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Creating enforceable frameworks for RWA tokenization that actually work.

Matthew White, CEO of VARA, said it perfectly:

“Tokenization will redefine global finance in 2025.”

He’s not exaggerating.

$500B+ market predicted next year.

And the UAE just gave it legal rails.

~Real estate.
~Private credit.
~Shariah-compliant products.

Everything is in play.

This is how you turn hype into infrastructure.

What Dubai is doing now is 3 years ahead of everyone else.

Founders, investors, ecosystem builders:

You want to build real-world assets onchain.

Don’t waste another year waiting for clarity.

Come to Dubai.

It’s already here.

 

Source

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🎬Proof the Deep State Planned This War for Years🎬
Nation First outlines how the Israeli attack on Iran was planned by the Deep State and the Military Industrial Complex over 15 years ago.

Prepare to have your mind blown

~NamastĂ© 🙏 Crypto Michael ⚡ The Dinarian

Dear friend,

What just happened in Iran wasn’t a surprise attack. It wasn’t a last-minute decision. It wasn’t even Israel acting alone.

It was a war plan written years ago — by men in suits, sitting in think tanks in Washington and New York. And yesterday, that plan was finally put into action.

Here’s the truth they don’t want you to know: this war was cooked up long before Trump ever became President — and it was designed to happen exactly this way.

Let’s start with what just happened.

Israel launched a massive, unexpected strike on Iran. They hit nuclear facilities. They killed military generals. They struck deep inside Iranian territory — and now the whole region is on edge, ready to explode into full-blown war.

The media is acting shocked. But I’m not. You shouldn’t be either.

Why?

Because we have the documents. They told us this was coming. Years ago.

Exhibit A: The Brookings Institution.

The Brooking Institution is a fancy name for what’s basically a war-planning factory dressed up as a research centre. Back in 2009, Brookings published a report called Which Path to Persia?

It laid out exactly how to get the U.S. into a war with Iran — without looking like the bad guy.

Here’s the sickest part:

“The United States would encourage — and perhaps even assist — the Israelis in conducting the strikes
 in the expectation that both international criticism and Iranian retaliation would be deflected away from the United States and onto Israel.”

Let that sink in.

They literally suggested using Israel to start the war, so America could stand back and say, “Wasn’t us!”

They even titled a chapter of this report: “Leave It to Bibi” — naming Netanyahu as the guy to light the match.

Exhibit B: The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR).

The Council on Foreign Relations is an another Deep State operation. Also in 2009, CFR published a “contingency memo” that laid out the whole military plan for an Israeli strike on Iran — step by step.

  • What routes the jets would fly (over Jordan and Iraq).

  • What bombs they’d use (the biggest bunker-busters in the U.S. arsenal).

  • Which Iranian sites to hit (Natanz, Arak, Esfahan).

  • And how Iran might respond (missiles, drones, threats to U.S. bases).

It’s like they had a time machine. Because those exact strikes just happened following the routes, likely using the bombs and hitting the sites that the CFR outlined.

Exhibit C: The Plot to Attack Iran by Dan Kovalik.

This one really blows the lid off.

US human rights lawyer and journalist Dan Kovalik, in his book The Plot to Attack Iran: How the CIA and the Deep State Have Conspired to Vilify Iran, shows how the CIA and Israel’s Mossad have been working together for decades — not just watching Iran, but actively sabotaging it. Killing scientists. Running cyberattacks. Feeding lies to the media to make Iran look like it’s always “six months away” from building a nuke.

He even reveals how they discussed false flag attacks — faking an Iranian strike to justify going to war. That’s not a conspiracy theory. That’s documented strategy.

And here’s where President Trump comes in.

Unlike the warmongers who wrote these plans, Trump wasn’t looking to bomb Iran. He wanted to talk. Negotiate. Make a deal — like he did with North Korea.

In fact, peace talks with Iran were just days away.

But someone didn’t want peace. Someone wanted war.

So Israel went in — just like the Brookings script said — and lit the fuse.

Trump didn’t authorise it. He didn’t want it. But they gazumped him. They went around him. And now, the peace he was trying to build has been blown to bits.

This was never about Iran being a threat. It was about keeping the war machine fed.

Think tanks, defence contractors, foreign lobbies — they don’t profit from peace. They thrive on tension. On fear. On war.

And now, thanks to them, the world’s one step closer to the edge.

If you’ve never trusted the mainstream media, you’re right not to.

If you’ve ever suspected there’s a shadowy agenda behind every war, you’re not paranoid.

You’re paying attention.

Because the documents are real. The war was planned. And the bombs are falling — right on schedule.

Pray for Iran’s civilians.

Pray for the Israelis caught in the crossfire.

Pray for a President who still wants peace.

And pray that we wake up before it’s too late.

Because the war has started.

But the truth has just begun to spread.

Until next time, God bless you, your family and nation.

Take care,

George Christensen

Source:

George Christensen is a former Australian politician, a Christian, freedom lover, conservative, blogger, podcaster, journalist and theologian. He has been feted by the Epoch Times as a “champion of human rights” and his writings have been praised by Infowars’ Alex Jones as “excellent and informative”.

George believes Nation First will be an essential part of the ongoing fight for freedom:

“The time is now for every proud patriot to step to the fore and fight for our freedom, sovereignty and way of life. Information is a key tool in any battle and the Nation First newsletter will be a valuable tool in the battle for the future of the West.”

— George Christensen.

Find more about George at his www.georgechristensen.com.au website.

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The Possible Impact Of USDC On The XRP Ledger And RLUSD
Key Points
  • It seems likely that USDC on the XRP Ledger (XRPL) boosts liquidity, benefiting XRP, though some see it as competition for RLUSD.
  • Research suggests both stablecoins can coexist, enhancing the XRPL ecosystem.
  • The evidence leans toward increased network activity being good for XRP, despite potential competition.

The recent launch of USDC on the XRP Ledger has sparked discussions about its impact on the ecosystem, particularly in relation to RLUSD, Ripple's own stablecoin. This response explores whether this development is more about competition for RLUSD or if it enhances liquidity on the XRPL, ultimately benefiting XRP.
 

Impact on Liquidity and XRP

The introduction of USDC, a major stablecoin with a $61 billion market cap, likely increases liquidity on the XRPL by attracting more users, developers, and institutions. This boost can enhance DeFi applications and enterprise payments, potentially driving demand for XRP, the native token used for transaction fees. While some may view it as competition for RLUSD, the overall effect seems positive for the XRPL's growth.
 

Competition vs. Coexistence with RLUSD

USDC and RLUSD cater to different needs: USDC appeals to those valuing regulatory compliance, while RLUSD, backed by Ripple, may attract users preferring ecosystem integration. Research suggests both can coexist, increasing options and fostering innovation, rather than purely competing.
 

Detailed Analysis of USDC on XRPL and Its Implications

The integration of USDC on the XRP Ledger (XRPL), announced on June 12, 2025, by Circle, has significant implications for the ecosystem, particularly in relation to RLUSD, Ripple's stablecoin launched in 2024. This section provides a comprehensive analysis, exploring whether this development is more about competition for RLUSD or if it enhances liquidity on the XRPL, ultimately benefiting XRP.
 

Understanding RLUSD and Its Role

RLUSD, Ripple's stablecoin, received approval from the New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) in 2024 and is designed to be fully backed by cash and cash equivalents, ensuring stability. It is available on both the Ethereum and XRP Ledger blockchains, aiming to enhance liquidity, reduce volatility, and serve cross-border payments. With a current market cap of $413 million, RLUSD is smaller than USDC's $61 billion but has regulatory credibility, particularly appealing to institutions.
 

Impact of USDC on the XRPL

The launch of USDC on the XRPL is a significant development, given its status as the second-largest stablecoin by market cap.
 
Key impacts include:
  • Liquidity Boost: USDC's integration can attract more users, developers, and institutions, increasing overall liquidity. This is crucial for DeFi applications, as Circle's announcement emphasizes its use in liquidity provisioning for token pairs and FX flows.
  • Increased Utility: USDC enhances the XRPL's utility for enterprise payments, financial infrastructure, and DeFi, potentially making it more attractive for global money movement and transparent settlements.
  • Regulatory and Institutional Appeal: As a regulated stablecoin issued by Circle, USDC can bring institutional users to the XRPL, aligning with Ripple's goals for regulated financial activities.
  • Network Growth: Supporting a widely recognized stablecoin like USDC on 22 blockchains, including the XRPL, increases the network's visibility and adoption, potentially driving more activity.

Competition vs. Complementarity with RLUSD

While USDC's launch could be seen as competition for RLUSD, the evidence suggests a more nuanced relationship:
  • Competition: Both are stablecoins on the XRPL, and USDC's larger market presence ($61 billion vs. RLUSD's $413 million) might attract users and developers away from RLUSD. However, competition can drive innovation, such as lower fees or better services, benefiting the ecosystem
  • Complementarity: Different stablecoins cater to different needs. USDC appeals to users valuing regulatory compliance and widespread adoption across multiple blockchains, while RLUSD, backed by Ripple, may attract those preferring ecosystem integration and regulatory approval from NYDFS. The XRPL can benefit from having multiple options, increasing liquidity and fostering a diverse ecosystem.
  • Coexistence Benefits: Research suggests that having multiple stablecoins enhances liquidity and provides users with more choices, potentially leading to higher network activity. For example, institutions might use USDC for global payments and RLUSD for specific XRPL-integrated applications, creating a symbiotic relationships.

Impact on XRP

The introduction of USDC, alongside RLUSD, is likely beneficial for XRP, the native token of the XRPL, for several reasons:
  • Increased Liquidity and Activity: Higher liquidity on the XRPL, driven by both stablecoins, can increase transaction volumes. XRP is used for transaction fees, with some fees burned, potentially reducing supply over time and increasing demand.
  • DeFi and Enterprise Use Cases: Both USDC and RLUSD enhance DeFi and enterprise applications, such as liquidity pools and cross-border payments, which can drive demand for XRP as a settlement token.
  • Network Growth: A more liquid and active XRPL is more attractive to developers and users, potentially leading to long-term growth for XRP, as increased utility can drive its value.
Expert analyses, such as those from u.today and ledgerinsights.com, suggest the launch is a "massive boost" for liquidity and adoption, with RLUSD also playing a significant role.
 

Comparative Analysis: USDC vs. RLUSD

To further illustrate, consider the following table comparing key attributes:
 
Given the evidence, it is more accurate to view the introduction of USDC on the XRPL as beneficial for liquidity, which is ultimately good for XRP, rather than solely as competition for RLUSD. The XRPL benefits from increased options, with both stablecoins enhancing liquidity, utility, and network growth. While some competition exists, the overall impact is positive, fostering a robust ecosystem that can drive demand for XRP. This conclusion aligns with expert analyses and community discussions, acknowledging the complexity of the stablecoin market within the XRPL.
 

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