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đź‘€ Bank of Korea finds performance issues with CBDC blockchain tech đź‘€
November 07, 2022
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The Bank of Korea completed the second phase of its retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) simulations in late June and today shared the results. While it was happy with some aspects of its digital won simulations, such as using CBDC for offline payments and cross border remittances, the central bank highlighted performance issues with the blockchain technology. 

Specifically, it found the overall performance of the Ethereum-based blockchain insufficient, including the scaling solutions and privacy technology that was tested. 

“There will be some limitations in real-time processing of transactions during peak times”, said the Bank of Korea.

One of its tests simulated peak demand by sustaining 4,200 transactions per second (TPS) for 30 minutes. At that activity level, users sometimes had to wait up to a minute for a response (latency).

However, the system can handle an average TPS of 1,000, which is typical of many Korean micropayment systems, but not peak periods such as lunchtimes or payment deadlines.

The scalability limitations of Ethereum are widely known, and in response, numerous Layer 2 scaling solutions have been deployed in the crypto sector, particularly rollups. The Bank of Korea tried using rollups with up to 700 transactions on each subnetwork. The rollups performed fine when both sides of the transaction took place on the same subnetwork. However, there were very significant performance issues when a large proportion of transactions were between subnetworks.

Another performance challenge related to using zero knowledge proofs (ZKP). This technology can prove that someone owns the CBDC without exposing the details of their identity data. The central bank found using ZKP required up to 14 seconds per transaction. ZKP is also widely known to have performance challenges, although some alternative approaches partly mitigate this. We’re not clear which ones were used.

The bank also tested transfers between ledgers using different blockchain technologies for the purchase of non-fungible tokens and for cross border CBDC remittance. It used hash time lock contracts (HTLC) and was satisfied with these. The cross border CBDC was simulated with the United States and used commercial banks as intermediaries.

CBDC technology partners

As previously reported, the central bank selected Ground X as its primary technology partner for the simulations. Ground X is the web3 subsidiary of Korea’s largest social network Kakao and the founder of the Klaytn public semi-permissioned blockchain. Klaytn is based on Ethereum technology, and for its pitch, it partnered with Ethereum development house ConsenSys, which is still involved in the project. 

Other companies involved in the project include Samsung Electronics, KPMG, Kakao Bank, Kakao Pay, S-core (digital transformation consultants), Kona I (prepaid cards), Dream Security (authentication), Zkrypto (zero knowledge proofs), OnTher (layer 2 scaling) and NGLE (software testing).

Now that the second phase of simulations is complete, the central bank has started working with 14 commercial banks and the Korea Financial Telecommunications & Clearings Institute (KFTC). The banks are Kookmin, Shinhan, Woori, Hana, Nonghyup, Enterprise, Suhyup, Busan, Gyeongnam, Daegu, Gwangju, Jeonbuk, Kakao, and K.

Next steps for CBDC

The Bank of Korea outlined its next phase of work which centers around the banks. For example, the ability to integrate the simulation system with the banks’ internal systems. And to check the performance when onboarding large numbers of users. It is creating a Virtual Private Network to communicate securely with these intermediary banks. 

Apart from the pure technical aspects, it also plans to explore potential use cases and is considering involving other types of companies in the simulations, such as credit card firms and securities companies.

The central bank also hinted at possible additional cross border experiments. “We plan to cooperate with financial institutions and international organizations,” it said.

Meanwhile, various central banks around the world are progressing with their trials. Both the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the European Central Bank (ECB) are separately starting to explore programmable money applications of retail CBDC.

There are an increasing number of cross border CBDC projects. MBridge out of Hong Kong recently shared its latest results and announced plans to go into production. MBridge includes the central banks of Hong Kong, China, UAE and Thailand.

A new Project Mariana, including the central banks of France, Switzerland and Singapore, will explore using DeFi for foreign exchange for cross border CBDC. The New York Fed launched Project Cedar for faster FX settlement. And MAS announced Project Ubin+ for cross border payments. All of these are wholesale CBDC projects. 

Two of these, MBridge and Cedar, have created bespoke blockchains in part to address performance challenges.

Additionally, there’s Project Icebreaker involving the central banks of Norway, Sweden and Israel to explore retail CBDC cross border payments.

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For up to date cryptocurrencies available through Robinhood:
https://robinhood.com/us/en/support/articles/coin-availability/

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Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

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đź’  'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
đź’  Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
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👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading
Pyth Network DAO

Beyond revenue, the Phase 2 proposal asks for the DAO to consider whether and how the network can deliver value back to the community.

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Looking ahead to Phase 3: Total market coverage.

→ 200–300 new symbols added each month
→ 3K+ by year-end, 10K+ in 2026
→ Complete coverage across: trading venues, OTC markets, permissioned & unpermissioned DeFi

Pyth will become the most comprehensive financial data layer in the world.

https://x.com/PythNetwork/status/1963255788698484942

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Stay safe.

https://x.com/CoinDesk/status/1965110299456847944

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BlackRock sold $192,700,000 in Ethereum.

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The Great Onboarding: US Government Anchors Global Economy into Web3 via Pyth Network

For years, the crypto world speculated that the next major cycle would be driven by institutional adoption, with Wall Street finally legitimizing Bitcoin through vehicles like ETFs. While that prediction has indeed materialized, a recent development signifies a far more profound integration of Web3 into the global economic fabric, moving beyond mere financial products to the very infrastructure of data itself. The U.S. government has taken a monumental step, cementing Web3's role as a foundational layer for modern data distribution. This door, once opened, is poised to remain so indefinitely.

The U.S. Department of Commerce has officially partnered with leading blockchain oracle providers, Pyth Network and Chainlink, to distribute critical official economic data directly on-chain. This initiative marks a historic shift, bringing immutable, transparent, and auditable data from the federal government itself onto decentralized networks. This is not just a technological upgrade; it's a strategic move to enhance data accuracy, transparency, and accessibility for a global audience.

Specifically, Pyth Network has been selected to publish Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, starting with quarterly releases going back five years, with plans to expand to a broader range of economic datasets. Chainlink, the other key partner, will provide data feeds from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), including Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index. This crucial economic information will be made available across a multitude of blockchain networks, including major ecosystems like Ethereum, Avalanche, Base, Bitcoin, Solana, Tron, Stellar, Arbitrum One, Polygon PoS, and Optimism.

This development is closer to science fiction than traditional finance. The same oracle network, Pyth, that secures data for over 350 decentralized applications (dApps) across more than 50 blockchains, processing over $2.5 trillion in total trading volume through its oracles, is now the system of record for the United States' core economic indicators. Pyth's extensive infrastructure, spanning over 107 blockchains and supporting more than 600 applications, positions it as a trusted source for on-chain data. This is not about speculative assets; it's about leveraging proven, robust technology for critical public services.

The significance of this collaboration cannot be overstated. By bringing official statistics on-chain, the U.S. government is embracing cryptographic verifiability and immutable publication, setting a new precedent for how governments interact with decentralized technology. This initiative aligns with broader transparency goals and is supported by Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, positioning the U.S. as a world leader in finance and blockchain innovation. The decision by a federal entity to trust decentralized oracles with sensitive economic data underscores the growing institutional confidence in these networks.

This is the cycle of the great onboarding. The distinction between "Web2" and "Web3" is rapidly becoming obsolete. When government data, institutional flows, and grassroots builders all operate on the same decentralized rails, we are simply talking about the internet—a new iteration, yes, but the internet nonetheless: an immutable internet where data is not only published but also verified and distributed in real-time.

Pyth Network stands as tangible proof that this technology serves a vital purpose. It demonstrates that the industry has moved beyond abstract "crypto tech" to offering solutions that address real-world needs and are now actively sought after and understood by traditional entities. Most importantly, it proves that Web3 is no longer seeking permission; it has received the highest validation a system can receive—the trust of governments and markets alike.

This is not merely a fleeting trend; it's a crowning moment in global adoption. The U.S. government has just validated what many in the Web3 space have been building towards for years: that Web3 is not a sideshow, but a foundational layer for the future. The current cycle will be remembered as the moment the world definitively crossed this threshold, marking the last great opportunity to truly say, "we were early."

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US Dept of Commerce to publish GDP data on blockchain

On Tuesday during a televised White House cabinet meeting, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick announced the intention to publish GDP statistics on blockchains. Today Chainlink and Pyth said they were selected as the decentralized oracles to distribute the data.

Lutnick said, “The Department of Commerce is going to start issuing its statistics on the blockchain because you are the crypto President. And we are going to put out GDP on the blockchain, so people can use the blockchain for data distribution. And then we’re going to make that available to the entire government. So, all of you can do it. We’re just ironing out all the details.”

The data includes Real GDP and the PCE Price Index, which reflects changes in the prices of domestic consumer goods and services. The statistics are released monthly and quarterly. The biggest initial use will likely be by on-chain prediction markets. But as more data comes online, such as broader inflation data or interest rates from the Federal Reserve, it could be used to automate various financial instruments. Apart from using the data in smart contracts, sources of tamperproof data 👉will become increasingly important for generative AI.

While it would be possible to procure the data from third parties, it is always ideal to get it from the source to ensure its accuracy. Getting data directly from government sources makes it tamperproof, provided the original data feed has not been manipulated before it reaches the oracle.

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List Of Cardano Wallets

Well-known and actively maintained wallets supporting the Cardano Blockchain are Eternl, Typhon, Vespr, Yoroi, Lace, ADAlite, NuFi, Daedalus, Gero, LodeWallet, Coin Wallet, ADAWallet, Atomic, Gem Wallet, Trust and Exodus.

Note that in case of issues, usually only queries relating to official wallets can be answered in Cardano groups across telegram/forum. You may need to consult with specific wallet support teams for third party wallets.

Tips

  • Its is important to ensure that you're in sole control of your wallet keys, and that the keys used can be restored via alternate wallet providers if a particular one is non-functional. Hence, put extra attention to Non-Custodial and Compatibility fields.
  • The score column below is strictly a count of checks against each feature listed, the impact of specific feature (and thus, score) is up to reader's descretion.
  • The table represents current state on mainnet network, any future roadmap activities are out-of-scope.
  • Info on individual fields can be found towards the end of the page.
  • Any field that shows partial support (eg: open-source field) does not score the point for that field.

Brief info on fields above

  • Non-Custodial: are wallets where payment as well as stake keys are not shared/reused by wallet provider, and funds can be transparently verified on explorer
  • Compatibility: If the wallet mnemonics/keys can easily (for non-technical user) be used outside of specific wallet provider in major other wallets
  • Stake Control: Freedom to elect stake pool for user to delegate to (in user-friendly way)
  • Transparent Support: Easy approachability of a public interactive - eg: discord/telegram - group (with non-anonymous users) who can help out with support. Twitter/Email supports do not count for a check
  • Voting: Ability to participate in Catalyst voting process
  • Hardware Wallet: Integration with atleast Ledger Nano device
  • Native Assets: Ability to view native assets that belong to wallet
  • dApp Integration: Ability to interact with dApps
  • Stability: represents whether there have been large number of users reporting missing tokens/balance due to wallet backend being out of sync
  • Testnets Support: Ability to easily (for end-user) open wallets in atleast one of the cardano testnet networks
  • Custom Backend Support: Ability to elect a custom backend URL for selecting alternate way to submit transactions transactions created on client machines
  • Single/Multi Address Mode: Ability to use/import Single as well as Multiple Address modes for a wallet
  • Mobile App: Availability on atleast one of the popular mobile platforms
  • Desktop (app,extension,web): Ways to open wallet app on desktop PCs
  • Open Source: Whether the complete wallet (all components) are open source and can be run independently.

Source

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XRP: r9pid4yrQgs6XSFWhMZ8NkxW3gkydWNyQX
XLM: GDMJF2OCHN3NNNX4T4F6POPBTXK23GTNSNQWUMIVKESTHMQM7XDYAIZT
XDC: xdcc2C02203C4f91375889d7AfADB09E207Edf809A6

 

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