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Currency Usage for Cross-Border Payments

Cross-border payments are at the heart of the international monetary system (IMS). They enable the exchange of goods and services between nations, the settlement of financial contracts between corporations across borders and the channeling of international aid. By facilitating cross-border transactions, the IMS is the backbone of globalization in trade and finance.

The currency configuration for cross-border payments is dominated by the U.S. dollar and the euro. While there are more than 150 currencies in the world that are deemed legal tender, cross-border payments mainly concentrate in a small number of currencies. As of end 2021, the U.S. dollar accounted for about 40 percent of cross-border Swift flows, followed closely by the euro. A few other currencies, the British pound, the Japanese yen, the Australian dollar, the Hong Kong dollar, and the Canadian dollar, also have a share of more than 1 percent. The Chinese renminbi (RMB), the only reserve currency issued by an emerging market,1 has also gained traction in recent years with its share rising to about 2.5 percent.

The payment landscape is closely interrelated with other facets of the IMS. Money performs three distinct functions, as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. The U.S. dollar usually plays a vehicle currency role in trade invoicing, pricing of financial assets, and central bank reserves.

This is because a currency’s role as a unit of account for invoicing decisions is complementary to its use as a safe store of value, and this complementarity can lead to the emergence of a single dominant currency in trade invoicing and global banking (Gopinath and Stein, 2021). The dominant currency paradigm has recently come to the forefront of policy debate, raising questions on the benefits of exchange rate flexibility for external adjustment (Gopinath et al, 2020; Adler et al, 2020).

Historically the IMS has undergone profound but slow transformations. In the past two hundred years, the IMS has transitioned from the sterling dominance under the gold standard in the pre-war period, to the coequal
status of the sterling and the U.S. dollar in the inter-war years, to the full dominance of the U.S. dollar, which was institutionalized under the Bretton Woods system and remained deeply entrenched after the Bretton Woods system broke down in 1973 (Eichengreen, 2008). More recently, the advent of the euro and the rise of China has spurred discussions on a potential multipolar system, where the U.S. dollar, euro, and the RMB would share the role of international currencies (Eichengreen, 2011, 2017; Subramanian, 2011; Prasad and Ye, 2012).

Recent technological and geopolitical changes may bring faster changes to the IMS. Historically the high degree of inertia of the IMS largely reflects the strong network effects and switching costs (Eichengreen, 2008).

These two factors could be significantly altered by the digital revolution and recent geo-political tensions. Digitalization could substantially reduce switching costs, increase currency competition, and promote the
internationalization of new currencies (Brunnermeier et al, 2019). Similarly, geo-political tensions may break down existing payment networks into separate blocs, weaken the incumbent advantage, and facilitate system
changes.

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🚨 There was a time when the US military knew exactly who the real enemy was—Britain.

Trump is reviving that clarity.

From Greenland to housing cartels, he's dismantling 80 years of imperial control over American policy.

👇 Watch 👇

00:12:39
Catherine Austin Fitts:

Catherine Austin Fitts:

"The bankers [have] put Trump in to get the control grid for them... [but] everybody wants... their own control grid. The Chinese and the Russians don't want the City of London controlling their CBDC... [so these powers are] fighting with each other."

This clip of Fitts, a former Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, investment banker, and founder of the Solari Report (@solari_the), is taken from a discussion with CapitalCosm (@CapitalCosm) posted to YouTube on January 10, 2026.

----------------Partial transcription of clip---------------

"What happened was, when the administration came in, I had said in 2024, the bankers are going to put Trump in to get the control grid for them. And in fact, that's what happened. But it was moving so quickly, Danny, I literally, I would do an interview like this, and I couldn't remember all the things he'd done last week. They were moving so fast.

"So we just started to make a collection and I could send people and ...

00:02:40
We Are Heading Into The World Of AI🤖

Elon Musk's jaw-dropping prediction (Jan 2026):

“Don’t go into medical school.”
Elon Musk: “Yes. Pointless, any school.”

In 3 years (2029), Optimus robots will be better surgeons than any human on Earth — at scale.

By 4–5 years? Not even close. The best medicine in the world will be free — 👉better than what the President gets today.

1:19 clip — the moment Elon says goodbye to traditional medicine forever 👇

3–5 years until AI surgeons dominate?

00:01:19
👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading

Custom AI assistants that print money in your sleep? 🔜

The future of Crypto x AI is about to go crazy.

👉 Here’s what you need to know:

💠 'Based Agent' enables creation of custom AI agents
💠 Users set up personalized agents in < 3 minutes
💠 Equipped w/ crypto wallet and on-chain functions
💠 Capable of completing trades, swaps, and staking
💠 Integrates with Coinbase’s SDK, OpenAI, & Replit

👉 What this means for the future of Crypto:

1. Open Access: Democratized access to advanced trading
2. Automated Txns: Complex trades + streamlined on-chain activity
3. AI Dominance: Est ~80% of crypto 👉txns done by AI agents by 2025

🚨 I personally wouldn't bet against Brian Armstrong and Jesse Pollak.

👉 Coinbase just launched an AI agent for Crypto Trading
⚠️ Ripple Secures Preliminary Electronic Money Institution license 🚀

We’ve secured our preliminary Electronic Money Institution license approval from Luxembourg’s Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF). 🇪🇺

This is a pivotal step toward scaling Ripple Payments across the EU, bringing institutional-grade digital asset infrastructure to the region. on.ripple.com/49D0FjW

The momentum is global:

→ 75+ licenses & registrations worldwide
→ $95B+ in volume processed to date
→ Reaching 90% of daily FX markets

With the EU taking the lead in building a regulatory framework for digital assets, we're helping institutions transition from pilots to commercial scale, and we’re bridging the gap between legacy finance and the digital future to unlock trillions in dormant capital.

https://x.com/i/status/2011363419501347177

@usbank is testing custom issuance of its own stablecoin on Stellar.

Stellar’s stablecoin market cap increased 53% YoY. The market cap of RWAs on Stellar increased 196% to $890.2 million. Get the latest from @MessariCrypto.

Lights out and away we go!

https://messari.io/report/stellar-financial-ecosystem-update

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⚠️ More Secret Than The Atomic Bomb ⚠️

⚠️ More Secret Than The Atomic Bomb ⚠️

A deep dive into the triangular UAP seen throughout the United States and the world for decades. With the Immaculate Constellation report, at least SOME equilateral and isosceles triangle craft have been identified as reproduction and Alien Reproduction Vehicles.

Numerous sightings and whistleblower testimony have lent evidence to the thesis DOD and private contractors have operated reverse-engineered triangular craft out of key military bases since at least the 1980s. Key testimonies here include: Edgar Fouche and the TR-3b reverse-engineered triangle, US sightings from 1980-2000, and a strange illustration of a triangular craft called the XF-131 Super Sentinel.

Was Edgar Fouche's testimony of TR-3B and Area 51 programs true? How many prototype and operational triangle ARVs have been constructed? Why did the X-Files contract the work of an allegedly real triangle ARV out of Lockheed Martin's Helendale Plant?

00:00​ Intro
03:27​ Triangle ARV ...

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🚨David Grusch on The Megyn Kelly Show🚨

Earlier this week, UFO/UAP whistleblower David Grusch appeared on The Megyn Kelly Show for a brief but revealing interview. During the conversation, Grusch named individuals he claimed were involved in managing the alleged UFO/UAP Legacy crash retrieval program, statements that immediately drew attention across the disclosure community.

Most notably, Grusch asserted that former Vice President Dick Cheney played a central role in overseeing the program. Cheney’s name has circulated within UFO/UAP research circles for years, but this marks the first time it has been spoken publicly by a former intelligence official who claims direct knowledge of the issue. It is also notable that just weeks ago, journalist Ross Coulthart independently referenced Cheney in a similar context, lending additional weight to the consistency of these claims.

Grusch also named former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, stating that Clapper was not only aware of the crash retrieval issue, but managed it and helped place individuals into key roles, both publicly and behind the scenes. These are serious assertions that warrant scrutiny and further investigation, given their potential implications for disclosure.

Please watch the full interview and consider its significance within the broader context of the disclosure conversation. Please note that the interview concludes with a paid promotional pitch, and Grusch does not provide any additional comments after the pitch.

 

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Stellar CEO Reveals Where Real Opportunity Lies in Crypto Market: Details

In a recent tweet, Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) CEO and Executive Director Denelle Dixon defines what "real opportunity" is in blockchain as a new financial future beckons.

The SDF CEO was reacting to a recent Bloomberg report on Bank of New York Mellon Corp (BNY), Nasdaq, S&P Global and iCapital participation in a new $50 million investment round by Digital Asset Holdings. This comes as some of Wall Street’s biggest names embrace the technology that underpins cryptocurrencies to handle traditional assets.

Reacting to this development, Stellar Foundation CEO Denelle Dixon stated that every blockchain investment is a bet on a different financial future. Dixon added that seeing banks explore blockchain technology validates what has been known over the years.

Real opportunity defined

While Wall Street’s biggest names betting on blockchain might be one of the most significant adoption milestones in the digital asset market, Dixon defines what real opportunity is and what it is not.

According to the SDF executive director, real opportunity is not replicating old systems on new rails but rather building open networks that fundamentally expand global finance participation.

"But the real opportunity isn’t replicating old systems on new rails—it’s building open networks that fundamentally expand who gets to participate in global finance. That’s the opportunity," Dixon tweeted.

At the Meridian 2025 event, Stellar outlined its long-term privacy strategy, committing to investing in critical privacy infrastructure and building foundational cryptographic capabilities.

Stellar eyes privacy upgrade

A new protocol upgrade is on the horizon for the Stellar network: X-Ray, which lays the groundwork for developers to build privacy applications on Stellar using zero-knowledge (ZK) cryptography.

The protocol timeline testnet vote is anticipated for Jan. 7, 2026, while the mainnet vote is expected for Jan. 22, 2026.

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XDC Network's acquisition of Contour Network

XDC Network's acquisition of Contour Network marks a silent shift to connect the digital trade infrastructure to real-time, tokenized settlement rails.

In a world where cross-border payments still take days and trap trillions in idle liquidity, integrating Contour’s trade workflows with XDC Network Blockchains' ISO 20022 financial messaging standard to bridge TradFi and Web3 in Trade Finance.

The Current State of Cross-Border Trade Settlements

Cross-border payments remain one of the most inefficient parts of global finance. For decades, companies have inter-dependency with banks and their correspondent banks across the world, forcing them to maintain trillions of dollars in pre-funded nostro and vostro balances — the capital that sits idle while transactions crawl across borders.

Traditional settlement is slow, often 1–5 days, and often with ~2-3% in FX and conversion fees. For every hour a corporation can’t access its own cash increases the cost of financing, tightens liquidity that could be used for other purposes, which in turn slows economic activity.

Before SWIFT, payments were fully manual. Intermediary banks maintained ledgers, and reconciliation across multiple institutions limited speed and volume.

SWIFT reshaped global payments by introducing a secure, standardized messaging infrastructure through ISO 20022 - which quickly became the language of money for 11,000+ institutions in 200 countries.

But SWIFT only fixed the messaging — not the movement. Actual value still moves through slow, capital-intensive correspondent chains.

Regulated and Compliant Stablecoin such as USDC (Circle) solves the part SWIFT never could: instant, on-chain settlement.

Stablecoin Settlement revamping Trade and Tokenization

Stablecoin such as USDC is a digital token pegged to the US Dollar, still the most widely used currency for trade, enabling the movement of funds instantly 24*7 globally - transparently, instantly, and without the need for any intermediaries and the need to lock in trillions of dollars of idle cash.

Tokenized settlement replaces multi-day reconciliation with on-chain finality, reducing:

  • Dependency on intermediaries
  • Operational friction
  • Trillions locked in idle liquidity

For corporates trapped in long working capital cycles, this is transformative.

Digital dollars like USDC make the process simple:

Fiat → Stablecoin → On-Chain Transfer → Fiat

This hybrid model is already widely used across remittances, payouts, and treasury flows.

But one critical piece of global commerce is still lagging:

👉 Trade finance.

The Missing link is still Trade Finance Infrastructure.

While payments innovation has raced ahead, trade finance infrastructure hasn’t kept up. Document flows, letters of credit, and supply-chain financing remain siloed, paper-heavy, and operationally outdated.

This is exactly where the next breakthrough will happen - and why the recent XDC Network acquisition of Contour is a silent revolution.

It transforms to a new era of trade-driven liquidity through an end-to-end digital trade from shipping docs to payment confirmation – one infrastructure that powers all.

The breakthrough won’t come from payments alone — it will come from connecting trade finance to real-time settlement rails.

The XDC + Contour Shift: A Silent Revolution

  • Contour already connects global banks and corporates through digital LCs and digitized trade workflows.
  • XDC Blockchain brings a settlement layer built for speed, tokenization, and institutional-grade interoperability and ISO 20022 messaging compatibility

Contour’s digital letter of credit workflows will be integrated with XDC’s blockchain network to streamline trade documentation and settlement.

Together, they form the first end-to-end digital trade finance network linking:

Documentation → Validation → Settlement all under a single infrastructure.

XDC Ventures (XVC.TECH) is launching a Stable-Coin Lab to work with financial institutions on regulated stablecoin pilots for trade to deepen institutional trade-finance integration through launch of pilots with banks and corporates for regulated stable-coin issuance and settlement.

The Bottom Line

Payments alone won’t transform Global Trade Finance — Trade finance + Tokenized Settlement will.

This is the shift happening underway XDC Network's acquisition of Contour is the quiet catalyst.

Learn how trade finance is being revolutionised:

https://www.reuters.com/press-releases/xdc-ventures-acquires-contour-network-launches-stablecoin-lab-trade-finance-2025-10-22/

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